<div dir="ltr">Particularly to Riccardo G. and Bernhard W. who writes: <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;font-size:16px">"comparison of inequality (which strengthens my point that "</span>expletive" negation<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;font-size:16px"> can have something to do with non-identity)" Fine ! Cp. Sanscr.</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i> </i></span><i><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">śreyo mŗta</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times IPA 89",serif">m</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="HE" dir="RTL" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>ׅ</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="HE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span> </span><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">na</span></b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> jīvitam </span></i><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">"</i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">better (is) death than </span><b style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">na</b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt"> life" (in </span>Ital<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">. you may say "...che </span><b style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">non </b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">la vita")</span><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt"> </i><div><div><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, NotoColorEmoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Android Emoji, EmojiSymbols"><span style="font-size:16px">(</span></font><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">Viti,
Carlotta. 2002. <i>Comparazione e individuazione: uno studio sugli equativi
ŗgvedici </i>iva<i> e</i></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">ná, “Arch.Glottol.Ital.”: 46-87, with further examples of negative comparison as telugu and nahuatl) .</span></div><div><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br></span></div><div><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Best,</span></div><div><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Paolo</span></div><div><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><br></span></div><div><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, NotoColorEmoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Android Emoji, EmojiSymbols"><span style="font-size:16px"><br clear="all"></span></font><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">Prof. Dr. Paolo Ramat</span><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><div>Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio corrispondente<br><div>'Academia Europaea'</div><div>'Societas Linguistica Europaea', Honorary Member</div></div><div><div>Università di Pavia (retired)</div><div>Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS Pavia) (retired)</div></div><div><br></div></div><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">piazzetta Arduino 11 - I 27100 Pavia</div><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">##39 0382 27027</div><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">347 044 98 44</div></div></div></div><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno mer 12 gen 2022 alle ore 15:24 Randy LaPolla <<a href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Sorry, the example is from Shen Jiaxuan 2001<div><div>沈家煊（2001）心理词库——来自口误的证据，董燕萍、王初明主编《中国的语言学研究</div><div>与应用：庆祝桂诗春教授七十诞辰》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。</div><div><br></div>Randy<div dir="ltr"><br><blockquote type="cite">On Jan 12, 2022, at 9:24 PM, Randy J. LaPolla <<a href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com" target="_blank">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br><br></blockquote></div><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr">Expletive negation is also found in Mandarin, but it has been argued by Shen Jiaxuan to be due originally to a slip of the tongue phenomenon, a merging of a form meaning “when it had not” and “before it had” into “before it had not”, as in the following:<div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">在新的规范没有公布时/在新的规范公布之前→在新的规范没有公布之前</div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">zài xīn de guīfàn méiyǒu gōngbù zhīqián</div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">LOC new ASSOC standard not.yet announce before</div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">‘before the new standard has not been announced’ = ‘before the new standard has been announced'</div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">沈家煊（1992）口误类型，《中国语文》第4 期。</div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">沈家煊（2006）糅合和截搭，《世界汉语教学》第4 期。</div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal"><br></div><div style="margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal">Randy</div></div></div><div>
<div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div><div><span style="font-size:14px">——</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">Professor Randy J. LaPolla</span><span style="font-family:Verdana,Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13.3333px">（罗仁地)</span><span style="font-size:14px">, PhD FAHA </span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">Center for Language Sciences</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai Campus</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px">A302, Muduo Building, #18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai City</span><span style="font-size:14px">, Guangdong</span><span style="font-size:14px">, China</span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px"><a href="http://randylapolla.info" target="_blank">http://randylapolla.info</a></span></div><div><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:15px">邮编：519000</span><br style="font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:15px">广东省珠海市唐家湾镇金凤路18号木铎楼A302</span><br style="font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:15px">北京师范大学珠海校区</span><br style="font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:15px">人文和社会科学高等研究院</span><br style="font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:15px">语言科学研究中心 </span></div></div><div><br></div></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br><br>
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 12 Jan 2022, at 7:38 PM, Guillaume Jacques <<a href="mailto:rgyalrongskad@gmail.com" target="_blank">rgyalrongskad@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div id="gmail-m_8709979381274217544gmail-m_7363314182727309463divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols" dir="ltr"><br><p class="MsoNormal">=’until’: seems to be very restricted areally, mainly Eastern Europe & Caucasus and South Asia (Indo-Aryan and Indo-sphere Sino-Tibetan), but also Paumarí (maybe due to influence from Portuguese
<i>enquanto...não</i> ?). In Eastern Europe and in Indo-Aryan, this seems to be a parallel rather recent development (i.e. not going back to Indo-European). An interesting question is how the possible areal relationship between
modern Indo-Aryan and Indo-sphere Sino-Tibetan looks like: “as long as not” for ‘until’ is very common in some Sino-Tibetan languages. I think it is an interesting question as to what extent this may be due to contact with modern Indo-Aryan languages.</p></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>In the Sino-Tibetan family, expletive negation in "until" clauses is not restricted to languages under Indo-Aryan influence, it is also found for instance in Gyalrongic, see (<a href="https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295" target="_blank">A grammar of Japhug | Language Science Press (langsci-press.org)</a>, §25.3.2.3, p.1400.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Guillaume Jacques</div><div><br></div><div>Directeur de recherches<br>CNRS (CRLAO) - EPHE- INALCO <br></div><div><a href="https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr" target="_blank">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr</a><br></div><div><a href="http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques" target="_blank">https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295</a></div><div><div><a href="http://panchr.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://panchr.hypotheses.org/</a></div></div></div></div></div>
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