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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Mohammad,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">There are direct parallels to these Iranian constructions in Neo-Aramaic, e.g.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpFirst" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">ʾé-+dān</span></i><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
</span></i><i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">léla</span></i><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
</span></i><i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">+vàra</span></i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">|</span><i><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
</span></i><i><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span></i><i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Italic;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">ɟə̀xcəla</span></i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">|<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpMiddle" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">that-time
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">neg.cop.3fs </span>enter.<span style="font-variant:small-caps">prog.
</span>laugh.<span style="font-variant:small-caps">prog.3fs <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpMiddle" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">‘</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">As
soon </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">as she enters, she laughs.’
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpMiddle" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Brill-Roman;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpMiddle" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><span lang="X-NONE" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">See, Khan, Geoffrey.
<i>The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi</i>. 4 vols. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 86. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2016.
</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt">vol. 2, p.499</span><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpMiddle" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="cam2CxSpLast" align="left" style="text-align:left;text-indent:0cm"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Geoffrey</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Geoffrey Khan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">University of Cambridge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sidgwick Avenue<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Cambridge CB3 9DA, UK<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Nigel Vincent<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 12 January 2022 09:30<br>
<b>To:</b> Françoise Rose <francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr>; mohammad rasekh <mrasekhmahand@yahoo.com>; LINGTYP LINGTYP <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Fariba Sabouri <faribasabouri@gmail.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Negation marks adverbial clauses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">In relation to the French example it should perhaps be added that in a clause with 'avant' only the first part of the negation marker 'ne…pas' occurs. Contrast 'elle n'arrive pas' and 'avant qu'elle
n'arrive', where the first is ungrammatical without 'pas' and the second is ungrammatical with 'pas' (or so I was taught!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Perhaps also relevant to Mohammad's question is the use of the Latin negative purposive complementizer
<i>ne</i> 'in order that … not' as the marker of the complement of a verb of fearing (cf the volume referred to in an earlier post in this thread).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Nigel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA MAE<br>
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br>
The University of Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Linguistics & English Language<br>
School of Arts, Languages and Cultures<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">The University of Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"><a href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html">https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/researchers/nigel-vincent(f973a991-8ece-453e-abc5-3ca198c869dc).html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Françoise Rose <<a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 12 January 2022 9:53 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> mohammad rasekh <<a href="mailto:mrasekhmahand@yahoo.com">mrasekhmahand@yahoo.com</a>>; LINGTYP LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Fariba Sabouri <<a href="mailto:faribasabouri@gmail.com">faribasabouri@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Negation marks adverbial clauses</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Dear Mohammad,</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">this is a very common phenomenon in (rather formal) French:</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">avant qu’elle n’arrive, ….
</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">before she arrives (lit. before she does not arrive)</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Unfortunately, I don’t have any reading recommendation on the topic!</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Best,</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Françoise ROSE (fʁɑ̃swɑz ʁoz)</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Directrice de Recherches 2<sup>ème</sup> classe, CNRS</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">16 avenue Berthelot</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">69007 Lyon</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">FRANCE</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79"><a href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE">www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a></span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">De :</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>De la part de</b> mohammad rasekh<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> mardi 11 janvier 2022 16:18<br>
<b>À :</b> LINGTYP LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Cc :</b> Fariba Sabouri <<a href="mailto:faribasabouri@gmail.com">faribasabouri@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] Negation marks adverbial clauses</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">Dear All,</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">I hope you have started a happy new year.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">In the corpus of one of my students in Hamedani Persian (a variety spoken in Hamedan, west of Iran), we have found some adverbial clauses in which the verb is marked by negative prefix,
but it does not mean negative. These adverbial clauses mark Time (meaning 'as soon as') and Reason, or both at the same time. Some examples:</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xydp24f6f745msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:black">1.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;line-height:200%;color:black">
</span><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:black;background:white">i ke kur
<b>na</b></span></i><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">-šod</span></i></b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">, man diye ruz-e xoš na-didam</span></i><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xydp24f6f745msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%"> he that blind NEG-become, I anymore day-EZ happy NEG-see-1SG
</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%"> As soon as he got blind, I had no good times.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;line-height:200%"><span lang="FR">2.</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:7.0pt;line-height:200%"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US">das ke
<b>ne-mi-keš-i</b> ru harči, xāk-e</span></i><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-US"> hand that NEG-IND-touch-2SG over everything, dirty-BE.3SG</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-US"> As you touch everything, it is dirty.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">I wonder if there is any other language in which the adverbial clause is negative in form but not in meaning. I searched to find some evidence or some sources
which mention this, but I was not successful. I appreciate your comments.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">Best regards,</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif">Mohammad </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Linguistics Department,</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Bu-Ali Sina University, </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Hamedan, Iran.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Postal Code: 6517838695 </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif"><a href="https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand<br>
</span></a></span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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