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<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Dear Mohammad,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">apart from <span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Bernhard Wälchli</span></span>'s paper mentioned earlier in this thread, there are also quite a few studies on (what is often referred to as) expletive negation in 'until'/'before' clauses in the languages of Europe, often couched in terms of some formal theory. I am mostly familiar with papers focused on Russian that are also written in Russian (would you be interested in those?), but here are some references in English:</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span></span><div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p class="ydp92eb994eMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:CharisSIL-Italic;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Abels K. 2002.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:CharisSIL-Italic;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman">Expletive (?) negation. <i>Proceedings of FASL</i>, Vol. 10. 1–20.</span></p>
<p class="ydp92eb994eMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:CharisSIL-Italic;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Iordanskaja
L.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:CharisSIL-Italic;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman">, <span>Mel’čuk I. 2009. </span>Semantics of the Russian сonjunction POKA
‘while, before, until’. <i>Von grammatischen
Kategorien und sprachlichen Weltbildern — Die Slavia von der Sprachgeschichte
bis zur Politsprache. Festschrift für Daniel Weiss zum 60. Geburtstag</i>. Wien:
Otto Sagner. 233–262.</span></p>
<p class="ydp92eb994eMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:CharisSIL-Italic;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Krifka M. 2010.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:CharisSIL-Italic;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman">How to Interpret “Expletive” Negation
under <i>bevor</i><span> </span>in German. <i>Language and Logos: Studies in theoretical
and computational linguistics</i>. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2010. 214–236.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman"></span></p>
</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Best,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Sergey<br></div></div><div><br></div>
</div><div id="ydp9842c423yahoo_quoted_2856401991" class="ydp9842c423yahoo_quoted">
<div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;">
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On Wednesday, January 12, 2022, 12:49:19 PM GMT+3, Seino van Breugel <seinobreugel@gmail.com> wrote:
</div>
<div><br></div>
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<div><div id="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347"><div><div dir="ltr"><font size="4" face="arial, sans-serif">Hi All,</font><div><font size="4" face="arial, sans-serif"><br clear="none"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="arial, sans-serif">In Atong (A Tibeto-Burman/Sino-Tibetan language, as spoken in Northeast India), there is a postposition <<i>dabat></i> which limits an event in time, and can thus be translated as 'since' or 'until'. I am not sure if this word is analysable to (all) Atong speakers, but it's internal makeup is the prohibitive morpheme <da> followed by the verbal root <bat> 'cross'. It's literal meaning would be 'don't cross!'. This is an example of something that was at least historically negative, but, as far as I can tell, synchronically just a temporal specifier. Example (1) illustrates its use.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="arial, sans-serif"> </font><br clear="none"></div><div><span style="font-size:13pt;"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">Example (1).</font></span></div><div>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: none; border-width: medium;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-MsoTableGrid ydpe746fbb2yahoo-compose-table-card yahoo-compose-table-card" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">nang•</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">kheng</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=wa</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><b><u><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">dabat</font></i></u></b></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">ang</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">thyi</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=cha</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><b><u><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">dabat</font></i></u></b></span></p>
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">2sg</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">be.alive</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=acc</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"><b>limit</b></span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">1sg</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">die</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=neg</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><b><font face="arial, sans-serif">limit</font></b></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: none; border-width: medium;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-TableGrid1 ydpe746fbb2yahoo-compose-table-card yahoo-compose-table-card" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">ang</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=aw</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">mu•</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=ai</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">sa•</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=na</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">hyn•</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=bo”</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">no</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=ok</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=no.</font></i></span></p>
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">1sg</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=acc</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">keep</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=adv</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">eat</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=goal</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">give</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=imp</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">say</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=cos</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=quot</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> <span style="font-size:13pt;">‘keep
giving me and my wife to eat, for as long as you live, until I die’</span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> Literally something like: 'don't cross my life, don't cross my not dying'.</font></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br clear="none"></font></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Then there is what I called the <i>expletive negative </i>in Atong, as in example (2). Here, the negative =<i>cha</i> really does not express negation, but works with the event specifier suffix <i>-tharap</i> (as soon as) to specify the time of the event <i>dong</i></span><i style="font-size:17.3333px;">•</i><span style="font-size:17.3333px;"> 'arrive'. </span></font></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif"><br clear="none"></font></span></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">Example (2).</font></span></p><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-color: currentcolor; border-style: none; border-width: medium;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-TableGrid2 ydpe746fbb2yahoo-compose-table-card yahoo-compose-table-card" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">dong•</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">-ang</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">-tharap</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><b><u><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=cha</font></i></u></b></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=an</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">kyryi</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=wa</font></i></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">ganang</font></i></span></p>
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">arrive</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">-away</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">-<span><a shape="rect" href="http://as.soon.as" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">as.soon.as</a></span></font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><b><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=neg</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></b></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">=foc</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></font></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">be.afraid<span></span></font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">=fact</font></span></p>
</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" face="arial, sans-serif">exist<span></span></font></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"> </span><span style="font-size:13pt;">‘as soon as [he]
arrived, [he] was afraid’</span></font></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Brill, sans-serif;" lang="EN-AU"> </span></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Brill, sans-serif;" lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:17.3333px;">In conclusion, it seems that in Atong, negative morphemes, historically and synchronically, can be used in certain constructions to help with the temporal specification of events.</span><br clear="none"></span></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Brill, sans-serif;" lang="EN-AU"><br clear="none"></span></p><p style="margin:0cm;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" size="4" face="arial, sans-serif">Best,</font></span></p><p style="margin:0cm;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" size="4" face="arial, sans-serif"><br clear="none"></font></span></p><p style="margin:0cm;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU"><font style="background-color: inherit;" size="4" face="arial, sans-serif">Seino</font></span></p><p style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:small;">_________________</span><br clear="none"></p></div><div><div><div dir="ltr" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Dr. Seino van Breugel</div><div>Assistant Professor</div><div>University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br clear="none"><div class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail_quote"><div id="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347yqt41240" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347yqt3326883066"><div dir="ltr" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 12, 2022 at 9:55 AM Françoise Rose <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>> wrote:<br clear="none"></div><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail_quote">
<div lang="FR">
<div class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-m_1552769053855938057WordSection1">
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">Dear Mohammad,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">this is a very common phenomenon in (rather formal) French:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);">avant qu’elle n’arrive, ….
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">before she arrives (lit. before she does not arrive)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">Unfortunately, I don’t have any reading recommendation on the topic!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);">Françoise ROSE (fʁɑ̃swɑz ʁoz)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);">Directrice de Recherches 2<sup>ème</sup> classe, CNRS<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);">Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">16 avenue Berthelot<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">69007 Lyon<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US">FRANCE<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,78,121);" lang="EN-US"><a shape="rect" href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a></span><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,78,121);" lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125);" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm;">
<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">De :</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> Lingtyp <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>De la part de</b> mohammad rasekh<br clear="none">
<b>Envoyé :</b> mardi 11 janvier 2022 16:18<br clear="none">
<b>À :</b> LINGTYP LINGTYP <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br clear="none">
<b>Cc :</b> Fariba Sabouri <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:faribasabouri@gmail.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">faribasabouri@gmail.com</a>><br clear="none">
<b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] Negation marks adverbial clauses<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">Dear All,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">I hope you have started a happy new year.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">In the corpus of one of my students in Hamedani Persian (a variety spoken in Hamedan, west of Iran), we have found some adverbial clauses in which the verb is marked by negative prefix, but it
does not mean negative. These adverbial clauses mark Time (meaning 'as soon as') and Reason, or both at the same time. Some examples:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Garamond, serif;color:black;" lang="EN-GB">1.</span><span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:200%;color:black;" lang="EN-GB">
</span><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Garamond, serif; color: black; background-color: white; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-size: auto;" lang="EN-GB">i ke kur
<b>na</b></span></i><b><i><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">-šod</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">, man diye ruz-e xoš na-didam</span></i><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%;" lang="EN-GB"> he that blind NEG-become, I anymore day-EZ happy NEG-see-1SG
</span><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%;" lang="EN-GB"> As soon as he got blind, I had no good times.</span><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph">2.<span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:200%;"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US">das ke
<b>ne-mi-ke</b></span></i><b><i><span lang="EN-US">š</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US">-i</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US"> ru har</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">č</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">i,
x</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">k-e</span></i><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph"><span lang="EN-US"> hand that NEG-IND-touch-2SG over everything, dirty-BE.3SG</span><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph"><span lang="EN-US"> As you touch everything, it is dirty.</span><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">I wonder if there is any other language in which the adverbial clause is negative in form but not in meaning. I searched to find some evidence or some sources which mention
this, but I was not successful. I appreciate your comments.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">Best regards,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p style="line-height:200%;" class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;">Mohammad <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162);">Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162);">Linguistics Department,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162);">Bu-Ali Sina University, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162);">Hamedan, Iran.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162);">Postal Code: 6517838695 </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="ydp9842c423yiv2444493347MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond, serif;"><a shape="rect" href="https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana, sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162);">https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand<br clear="none">
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