<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Angsana New";
panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cordia New";
panose-1:2 11 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Verdana;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:garamond;
panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3;}
@font-face
{font-family:"B Nazanin";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph, li.ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph, div.ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph
{mso-style-name:ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
p.ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph, li.ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph, div.ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph
{mso-style-name:ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style>
</head>
<body lang="EN-SG" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear Mohammad,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I briefly describe something like this in the Tibeto-Burman language Mongsen Ao, which lacks a lexical exponent for temporal ‘before’ and instead uses a negated converb construction to express an
equivalent meaning in a non-finite clause. While the resulting meaning is also concerned with encoding a time relationship between the dependent and matrix clause events (i.e., before X happens, Y happens), it diverges somewhat from that of your examples.
However, the structure is very similar. See Section 11.4.5: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/1317662/A_Grammar_of_Mongsen_Ao">
https://www.academia.edu/1317662/A_Grammar_of_Mongsen_Ao</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I would also be interested to know how widespread this pattern might be.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Alec</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Assoc. Prof. Alexander R. Coupe, Ph.D. </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#FB0007">| </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">School
of Humanities </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#FB0007">|</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> Nanyang Technological University</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">03-56, SHHK Building</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818 </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Tel: (65) 6592-1567 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#6D6D6D">GMT+8h</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#FB0007">|</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> Fax:
(65) 6795-6525 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#FB0007">|</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"> Email: <a href="mailto:arcoupe@ntu.edu.sg"><span style="color:#0563C1">arcoupe@ntu.edu.sg</span></a>
</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Academia.edu:
<a href="https://nanyang.academia.edu/AlexanderCoupe"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://nanyang.academia.edu/AlexanderCoupe</span></a>
</span><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1979-2370<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Webpage:
<a href="https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/arcoupe/"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/arcoupe/</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:9.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Lab:
<a href="https://www.ntulangdoc.com"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://www.ntulangdoc.com</span></a></span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of mohammad rasekh <mrasekhmahand@yahoo.com><br>
<b>Reply to: </b>mohammad rasekh <mrasekhmahand@yahoo.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Tuesday, 11 January 2022 at 11:18 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Cc: </b>Fariba Sabouri <faribasabouri@gmail.com><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] Negation marks adverbial clauses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif">Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif">I hope you have started a happy new year.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif">In the corpus of one of my students in Hamedani Persian (a variety spoken in Hamedan, west of Iran), we have found some adverbial clauses in which the verb is marked by negative
prefix, but it does not mean negative. These adverbial clauses mark Time (meaning 'as soon as') and Reason, or both at the same time. Some examples:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif;color:black">1.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">
</span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif;color:black;background:white">i ke kur
<b>na</b></span></i><b><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif">-šod</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif">, man diye ruz-e xoš na-didam</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif"> he that blind NEG-become, I anymore day-EZ happy NEG-see-1SG
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif"> As soon as he got blind, I had no good times.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif">das
ke <b>ne-mi-ke</b></span></i><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif">š</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif">-i</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif">
ru har</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria",serif">č</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif">i,
x</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Cambria",serif">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif">k-e</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif"> hand that NEG-IND-touch-2SG over everything, dirty-BE.3SG</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Angsana New",serif"> As you touch everything, it is dirty.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif">I wonder if there is any other language in which the adverbial clause is negative in form but not in meaning. I searched to find some
evidence or some sources which mention this, but I was not successful. I appreciate your comments.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"garamond",serif">Mohammad <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Linguistics Department,</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Bu-Ali Sina University, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Hamedan, Iran.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">Postal Code: 6517838695 </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"garamond",serif"><a href="https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#4C76A2">https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand<br>
</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<p style="font-size:10pt; color:#808080;font-family: 'Arial';">CONFIDENTIALITY: This email is intended solely for the person(s) named and may be confidential and/or privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, please delete it, notify us and do not copy,
use, or disclose its contents. <br>
Towards a sustainable earth: Print only when necessary. Thank you. </p>
</body>
</html>