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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Dear all,<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">A further case
that may be of interest here (though it does not exactly match what Matthews‘
colleague is looking for) comes from the Oceanic language Vera’a: there is a
single “give-verb” <i>le</i> which is the
only verb found in sentences expressing GIVE events. Yet, it is compatible with
different constructional frames and a broader range of senses:<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"><span>a.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">SBJ(agent/recipient) <i>le </i>OBJ(theme)<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>‘take,
obtain’<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"><span>b.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">SBJ(agent) <i>le-</i>DIR(path) OBJ(theme)<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>‘move (tr), shift’, ‘bring, take’<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"><span>c.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-AU">SBJ(agent) <i>le</i>(-DIR(path)) OBJ(theme) OBL(recipient or goal): <span> </span>‘give’, ‘bring, take’<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">There is no
further sentence involved, hence no case of ‘I <u>pushed over</u> the book and
he took it’ or the like, yet not a prototypical “give” type verb either.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Brief
discussion can be found in the following:<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span class="gmail-doiline"><span lang="EN-AU">Schnell, S. 2012. Referential hierarchies in three-participant
constructions in Vera’a. <i>Linguistic
Discovery </i>10.3, 125-147. </span></span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.419" style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"><span lang="EN-AU">10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.419</span></a><span lang="EN-AU"> (Section 3.2 (pp 130-1))<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Schnell, S.
to appear. Caused accompanied motion constructions in Vera’a. In: A. Margetts,
S. Riesberg, B. Hellwig (Eds.), <i>Caused
accompanied motion. Bringing and taking events in cross-linguistic perspective.
</i>John Benjamins. [Section 3.2 (pp 251-2); chapter preprint on RG]<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">This entire
book may be of interest here.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Cheers,<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Stefan<span></span></span></p>
</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Am Do., 27. Jan. 2022 um 10:56 Uhr schrieb Paolo Ramat <<a href="mailto:paoram@unipv.it">paoram@unipv.it</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">A marginal note: already Ch. Bally, <i>Linguist. franç. et linguist. génér. (§ 185) </i>mentioned verbs as<i> louer </i>'to rent out, to lend' and 'to hire' or <i><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt">h</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">ô</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:11pt">te</span> '</i>host' and 'guest'. Kronasser 1952 spoke for such cases of an 'ungegliederte Situationsverstellung' that can even be reconstructed via comparison between strictly comparable languages: see Gk.
<span style="font-style:italic;font-size:11pt;line-height:107%;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">ba</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-size:11pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">ínō</span><i> </i> <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">'I go' vs. Lat<i>. ueni</i></span></font><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:14.6667px;font-style:italic">ō ' </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:14.6667px">'I come'. Similarly, you find Germ. <i>geben </i>"to give"<i> </i>vs. OIr.<i> gaibim </i>'I take'. Such an originally undivided meaning can be found in many languages, especially with verbs originally denoting 'exchange'.</span><div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">Many years ago (1972) I dealt with this point in an article published in "Studi Germanici" 10, p. 43-79 (see also "Indogerm. Forsch."76/1971: 174-202).</span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">Cheers,</span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">Paolo</span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:14.6667px"><br></span></font><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">Prof. Dr. Paolo Ramat</span><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)"><div>Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Socio corrispondente<br><div>'Academia Europaea'</div><div>'Societas Linguistica Europaea', Honorary Member</div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">piazzetta Arduino 11 - I 27100 Pavia</div><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">##39 0382 27027</div><div style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">347 044 98 44</div></div></div></div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno gio 27 gen 2022 alle ore 09:56 Maia Ponsonnet <<a href="mailto:maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au" target="_blank">maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<span style="margin:0px;font-size:12pt">Hello,</span>
<div style="margin:0px;font-size:12pt">Somewhat tangentially, you may want to look at some of the chapters in this volume? </div>
<div style="margin:0px;font-size:12pt"><a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/cal.29" style="margin:0px" target="_blank">https://benjamins.com/catalog/cal.29</a><br>
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<div style="margin:0px;font-size:12pt">I can't remember a mention of the phenomenon you describe, but some of the contributions may have clues? </div>
<span style="margin:0px;font-size:12pt">Cheers and kind regards, Maïa</span><br>
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<span style="font-size:small">Dr Maïa Ponsonnet</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">Adjunct Researcher, Discipline of Linguistics</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:small">Building M257</span><br>
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<span style="font-size:small">The University of Western Australia</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">35 Stirling Hwy, </span><span style="font-size:small">Perth, WA (6009), </span><span style="font-size:small">Australia</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">
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<div id="gmail-m_-1875002749250777244gmail-m_-208670252610508363divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Matthew Dryer <<a href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu" target="_blank">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, 27 January 2022 4:43 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] languages lacking a verb for 'give'</font>
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<a name="m_-1875002749250777244_m_-208670252610508363_x__GoBack"></a>I am sending this query on behalf of a colleague.</p>
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He wants to know <span style="color:black">whether anyone knows of a language that lacks a "give" type verb and would express something like "I gave him the book" instead as something like "I presented the book (to him) and he took it". That is, is there a
language that can only express a give-type concept with two more analytic clauses?</span></p>
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Matthew Dryer</p>
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