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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">Dear Matthew, all,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">Gil (2017), dealing with a range of Austronesian
and non-Austronesian languages of Northwest New Guinea,
discusses ways in which a language may fail to have a word for
GIVE.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Its focus is on
the coexpression of GIVE, DO, and a variety of other grammatical
functions.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>For example,
in Meyah (NE Bird's Head), <i>eita </i>DO plus <i>gu</i> TO
means GIVE, while <i>eita</i> DO plus <i>jeska </i>FROM means
TAKE (p.84).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Similarly,
in Yawa (isolate), <i>au</i> DO plus <i>to </i>GO means GIVE
(p.84)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Gil, David (2017) "Roon ve,
DO/GIVE Coexpression, and Language Contact in Northwest New
Guinea", in A. Schapper ed., <i>Contact and Substrate in the
Languages of Wallacea Part 1</i>, <i>NUSA</i> 62:41-100. (<a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://hdl.handle.net/10108/89844">http://hdl.handle.net/10108/89844</a>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin">Since writing the above paper I became aware of
another way in which a language can avoid using a word for GIVE.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In Papuan Malay there is a
GIVE word, but the notion of giving can also be expressed by
simply leaving the GIVE word out.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>So for example, a sequence of three nouns, N N N, may in
the right context be interpreted as "A gives G P".<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(No other "verb meaning" is
obtainable this way.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin">David</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><br>
</span></p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 27/01/2022 05:43, Matthew Dryer
wrote:<br>
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<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:88FA2E2C-1811-44D2-8C20-D970C885597F@buffalo.edu">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_GoBack" moz-do-not-send="true"></a>I
am sending this query on behalf of a colleague.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He wants to know <span style="color:black">whether
anyone knows of a language that lacks a "give" type verb and
would express something like "I gave him the book" instead
as something like "I presented the book (to him) and he took
it". That is, is there a language that can only express a
give-type concept with two more analytic clauses?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Matthew Dryer<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<br>
<fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
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</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
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