<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:large"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Hi, Matthew!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Waxiang (unclassified Sinitic, Hunan) is another case
of a language without a verb ‘to give’, using a construction with <span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">get</span></span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt"> to formulate this. e.g.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt"><br></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">zɤ³³     <b>kai⁵⁵    </b>u²⁵       t</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">ɤ</span>^{<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">33</span>}<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">      tɕ^hia²⁵ i⁵⁵.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">3sg      dat     1sg</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">      get       <span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">clf</span>      clothes</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">‘He gave me a shirt.’ </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:DengXian">□</span>_{<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:DengXian">他</span>}<span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:DengXian">跟我得件衣。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">(lit. He to-me get a shirt.)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I wouldn't consider this construction as containing two clauses though. It looks more like the Oceanic examples in some of the other responses to your question.  Note that the dative/benefactive use of </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>kai</b><sup style="font-weight:bold">55</sup> has evolved from a comitative preposition which itself derives from a verb meaning 'to follow'. </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">Tom Güldeman (2013) has also written about the get/give alternation in Tuu languages.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A detailed study by Zhang Min (2011) shows that there is in fact a whole swathe
of Sinitic languages in central and southern China that do not possess a verb
of giving. Typically, they use either <span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">get</span>/<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">take,</span> like Waxiang, or directional verbs including <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">pass/cross over</span>,
as in many Yue dialects, including 19^th century Cantonese, the
latter described in Chin (2010).</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Chin, Andy C. 2010. Two types of indirect object
markers in Chinese: Their typological significance and development. <i>Journal
of Chinese Linguistics</i> 38:1-25.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Güldemann, Tom. 2013. Using minority languages to
inform the historical analysis of major written languages. A Tuu perspective on
the ‘give’⁓ object marker polysemy in Sinitic. <i>Journal of Asian and African
Studies</i>  85:1-18.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Zhang Min</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:DengXian;color:black">张敏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">. 2011. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Hànyǔ fāngyán shuāng jí wù jiégòu nánběi chāyì de chéngyīn: Lèixíng xué
yánjiū yǐnfā de xīn wèntí </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:DengXian;color:black">汉语方言双及物结构南北差异的成因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">: </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:DengXian;color:black">类型学研究引发的新问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">(Revisiting the
alignment typology of ditransitive constructions in Chinese dialects.) <i>Bulletin
of Chinese linguistics</i>  4.2 :
87-270.</span></p></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align:left"><div style="text-align:left"><span><font face="garamond, serif" color="#000000"><br></font></span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span><font face="garamond, serif" color="#000000"><br></font></span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span><font face="garamond, serif" color="#000000">Hilary Chappell</font></span></div><div style="text-align:left"><span><font color="#666666" size="1" face="garamond, serif">Chair Professor in the Typology of East Asian languages / </font></span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:garamond,serif;font-size:x-small">Directrice d'études en typologie linguistique de l'Asie orientale</span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:garamond,serif;font-size:x-small"> </span></div><div style="text-align:left"><font color="#666666" size="1" face="garamond, serif"><span>Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)</span></font></div><div style="text-align:left"><font color="#666666" size="1" face="garamond, serif"><span>Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale (CRLAO)</span></font></div><div style="text-align:left"><font color="#666666" size="1" face="garamond, serif"><span>Paris</span></font></div><div style="text-align:left"><font color="#666666" size="1" style="letter-spacing:0.2px"><span style="letter-spacing:0.2px"><font face="garamond, serif">      </font></span></font><span style="letter-spacing:0.2px;color:rgb(102,102,102)">       </span><font color="#666666" style="letter-spacing:0.2px"> </font><br></div><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><font color="#666666"><span style="font-variant:small-caps"></span></font></span></div><br><span><font color="#888888"><span><span style="font-family:helvetica">                                                              <br></span></span></font></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 27 Jan 2022 at 04:43, Matthew Dryer <<a href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">





<div lang="EN-US" style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">
<div class="gmail-m_8789658617900118576WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="m_8789658617900118576__GoBack"></a>I am sending this query on behalf of a colleague.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He wants to know <span style="color:black">whether anyone knows of a language that lacks a "give" type verb and would express something like "I gave him the book" instead as something like "I presented the book (to him) and he took it".
 That is, is there a language that can only express a give-type concept with two more analytic clauses?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Matthew Dryer<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
</div>
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