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<p class="MsoNormal">Although the colleague who asked me to send the query about phrased it in terms of “two clauses”, I’m pretty sure that he would consider serial verb constructions expressing ‘give’ with two verbs as an example of what he was looking for.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Matthew<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Hilary Chappell <hmchappell@gmail.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Friday, January 28, 2022 at 1:30 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>Matthew Dryer <dryer@buffalo.edu><br>
<b>Cc: </b>"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] languages lacking a verb for 'give'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Hi, Matthew!</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Waxiang (unclassified Sinitic, Hunan) is another case of a language without a verb ‘to give’, using a construction with get to formulate this. e.g.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">zɤ<sup>33</sup>
<b>kai<sup>55</sup> </b>u<sup>25</sup> t</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">ɤ</span><sup><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">33</span></sup><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">
tɕ<sup>h</sup>ia<sup>25 </sup>i<sup>55</sup>.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">3sg dat 1sg get clf clothes</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">‘He gave me a shirt.’
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:DengXian;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">□<sub>他</sub>跟我得件衣。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">(lit. He to-me get a shirt.)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I wouldn't consider this construction as containing two clauses though. It looks more like the Oceanic examples in some of the other responses to your question. Note that
the dative/benefactive use of <b>kai<sup>55</sup></b> has evolved from a comitative preposition which itself derives from a verb meaning 'to follow'. Tom Güldeman (2013) has also written about the get/give alternation in Tuu languages.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A detailed study by Zhang Min (2011) shows that there is in fact a whole swathe of Sinitic languages in central and southern China that do not possess a verb of giving.
Typically, they use either get/take, like Waxiang, or directional verbs including pass/cross over, as in many Yue dialects, including 19<sup>th</sup> century Cantonese, the latter described in Chin (2010).</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:28.35pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Chin, Andy C. 2010. Two types of indirect object markers in Chinese: Their typological significance and development.
<i>Journal of Chinese Linguistics</i> 38:1-25.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:28.35pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Güldemann, Tom. 2013. Using minority languages to inform the historical analysis of major written languages. A Tuu perspective on the ‘give’⁓
object marker polysemy in Sinitic. <i>Journal of Asian and African Studies</i> 85:1-18.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:28.35pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Zhang Min</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:DengXian;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">张敏</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">.
2011. Hànyǔ fāngyán shuāng jí wù jiégòu nánběi chāyì de chéngyīn: Lèixíng xué yánjiū yǐnfā de xīn wèntí
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:DengXian;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">汉语方言双及物结构南北差异的成因</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">:
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:DengXian;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN">类型学研究引发的新问题</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">(Revisiting the alignment typology of ditransitive
constructions in Chinese dialects.) <i>Bulletin of Chinese linguistics</i> 4.2 : 87-270.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:black">Hilary Chappell</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#666666">Chair Professor in the Typology of East Asian languages / </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#666666">Directrice d'études en typologie
linguistique de l'Asie orientale </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#666666">Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#666666">Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale (CRLAO)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#666666">Paris</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:#666666;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><span style="color:#666666;letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, 27 Jan 2022 at 04:43, Matthew Dryer <<a href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a name="m_8789658617900118576__GoBack"></a>I am sending this query on behalf of a colleague.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">He wants to know
<span style="color:black">whether anyone knows of a language that lacks a "give" type verb and would express something like "I gave him the book" instead as something like "I presented the book (to him) and he took it". That is, is there a language that can
only express a give-type concept with two more analytic clauses?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Matthew Dryer<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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