<div dir="ltr"><div>Dear David,</div><div><br></div><div>This definitely makes perfect sense, but I wouldn't say it would be "more appropriate" to reorganize the table in the way you suggest: it would just yield a different classification, based on a different paradigmatic opposition.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>R<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>> escreveu no dia domingo, 30/01/2022 à(s) 19:19:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p>Wouldn't the vertical column more appropriately be labelled
"Autonomous" vs. "Derivative", reflecting the fact that derivative
modes are parasitic on autonomous modes, providing alternative
representations for languages whose primary and original modes are
the ones in the autonomous column? (Except that whistled language
would belong in the derivative column.)</p>
<p>David<br>
</p>
<div>On 30/01/2022 19:48, Riccardo Giomi
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Right, drummed languages! I had completely forgotten
about those..</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Come to think of it, I think drummed languages fit quite
well, logically, in the top-right corner of the tentative
taxonomy I came up with in my earlier message. But then of
course it is no longer accurate to speak of a 'graphic'
linguistic mode. Perhaps a more useful term for the mode
opposition, rather than "verbal / graphic", could be
"unsupported / supported" -- meaning (not) using a concrete,
tangible support besides the human body itself. So,
reformulating the taxonomy (for what it's worth) and of
course with no prejudice to multi-channel communication, we
would have</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">↓Sensory
channel / Mode→</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Unsopported</span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Supported</span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Acoustic</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Speaking,
Whistling, others?</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Drumming<br>
</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Visual</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Signing</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Writing,
Sign writing</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tactile</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Pro-tactile
signing</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Braille</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div>I am not sure how useful this can be, and as I mentioned
earlier, this is not really a taxonomy of modalities as such..
But, to me, it is always kind of fun to try and decompose
things into features :)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best wishes,</div>
<div>R<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Jess Tauber <<a href="mailto:tetrahedralpt@gmail.com" target="_blank">tetrahedralpt@gmail.com</a>>
escreveu no dia sexta, 28/01/2022 à(s) 18:12:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">Don't forget drummed language. And one can
imagine that if we had better noses and a bigger palette
of odor producing glandular secretions we could have an
olfactory language.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Jess Tauber</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jan 28, 2022 at
10:29 AM Adam Schembri <<a href="mailto:A.Schembri@bham.ac.uk" target="_blank">A.Schembri@bham.ac.uk</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="EN-GB">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some
of us in sign language linguistics distinguish
language, modality, and channel. If we see face
to face interaction as primary (and writing as
secondary), then natural languages exist in
three modalities. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">-Spoken
English is a language in the auditory-oral
modality.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">-British
Sign Language (BSL) is a language in the
visual-gestural modality.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">-Pro-tactile
American Sign Language is variety of a language
in the tactile-gestural modality.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Some
deaf people are born with Ushers Syndrome, which
means they lose their vision over time, and they
may shift from one modality to another (e.g.,
from visual-gestural ASL to Pro-tactile ASL) as
their primary form of face-to-face
communication. The Bay Islands community
mentioned below is a multi-generational
community of deaf people with Ushers Syndrome.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Of
course, English is often accompanied by head
movements (e.g., nodding, shaking) and manual
co-speech gestures in face-to-face
communication, so it includes visual-gestural
aspects as well. The vocal tract, head, and
hands are all different channels used in
multimodal communication.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">BSL
is primarily in the visual-gestural modality,
but it is also multi-channel: using manual
signs, head movements, and mouth actions, for
example. Some bimodal-bilinguals may combine
aspects of spoken English and BSL together as a
form of multimodal communication.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Adam</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black">Adam
Schembri (he/him), PhD</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black">Professor
of Linguistics</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black">Department
of English Language and Linguistics</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black">Frankland
Building, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"><a href="mailto:a.schembri@bham.ac.uk" title="mailto:a.schembri@bham.ac.uk" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(149,79,114)">a.schembri@bham.ac.uk</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black">Twitter:
@AdamCSchembri</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"><img style="width: 0.9583in; height: 0.677in;" id="gmail-m_4798546533584351449gmail-m_3624175674067728409gmail-m_-663537597743905121Picture_x0020_1" alt="/Users/schembra/Desktop/Screenshot
2021-02-07 at 14.49.24.png" width="92" height="65" border="0"></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"><img style="width: 1.5in; height: 0.4166in;" id="gmail-m_4798546533584351449gmail-m_3624175674067728409gmail-m_-663537597743905121Picture_x0020_2" alt="signature_2040405135" width="144" height="40" border="0"></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </span></p>
<div style="border-color:rgb(181,196,223) currentcolor currentcolor;border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black" lang="FR">From:
</span></b><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:black" lang="FR">Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of "<a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr" target="_blank">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>"
<<a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr" target="_blank">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Friday, 28 January 2022 at 14:26<br>
<b>To: </b>"<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt" target="_blank">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>"
<<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt" target="_blank">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>>,
Harald Hammarström <<a href="mailto:harald@bombo.se" target="_blank">harald@bombo.se</a>><br>
<b>Cc: </b>LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Are there (can
there be?) more than two modalities?</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Dear all,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">note that the whistled modality
(and also drummed, …) is not of the same type,
as it is a rendering of the oral language.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US">Françoise</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" lang="FR">De :</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif" lang="FR"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>De la part de</b> Riccardo Giomi<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> vendredi 28 janvier 2022 14:51<br>
<b>À :</b> Harald Hammarström <<a href="mailto:harald@bombo.se" target="_blank">harald@bombo.se</a>><br>
<b>Cc :</b> LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Are there (can
there be?) more than two modalities?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Dear Ian,
dear all,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">I confess I
had never thought about this before, but how
about a taxonomy of modalities such as the
following:</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">↓Sensory
channel / Mode→</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Verbal</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Graphic</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Acoustic</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Speaking,
Whistling, others?</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">―</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Visual</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Signing</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Writing,
Drawings</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:148.6pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="198" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tactile</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:134.65pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="180" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Tactile
signing</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:99.25pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="132" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Braille</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">As many of
you probably know, there have been various
attempts to work out a graphic system for
the representation of signed languages of
the type I -- somewhat sloppily -- refer to
as 'drawings', but I am not aware of any
really established convention (probably my
ignorance). 'Verbal' is also a very
tentative, and perhaps inaccurate term, but
off the top of my head I cannot think of a
better definition. Finally, the 'others?' in
the acoustic/verbal cell refers to Daniel
Everett's work on Pirahã, a language for
which the author has documented three other
modes besides speaking and whistling (namely
yelling, humming and singing), each with its
own, distinct phonetics.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Everett,
Daniel. 1985. Syllable weight, sloppy
phonemes, and channels in Pirahã discourse.
In Mary Niepokuj, Deborah Feder, Vassiliki
Nikiforidou, and Mary Van Clay (eds.),
<i>Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual
Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics
Society</i>, 408-416. California: Berkeley
Linguistics Society.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">O'Neill,
Gareth. 2014. <span>
Humming, whistling, singing, and yelling
in Pirahã: Context and channels of
communication in FDG</span>. In
<span>Núria</span><span> Alturo</span>,
<span>Evelien</span><span> Keizer</span>
&
<span>Llúis</span><span> Payrató</span>
(eds.),
<i>The interaction between context and
grammar in Functional Discourse Grammar. </i>
Special issue of <i>Pragmatics</i> 24(2): <span>349</span>–<span>375</span>.
</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Best,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Riccardo</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Harald
Hammarström <<a href="mailto:harald@bombo.se" target="_blank">harald@bombo.se</a>>
escreveu no dia sexta, 28/01/2022 à(s)
01:54:</span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204,204,204);border-style:none none none solid;border-width:medium medium medium 1pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;margin:5pt 0cm 5pt 4.8pt">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Hi
Ian! There may be a third modality,
tactile, attested on the Bay</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Islands
off the Honduran coast where a
critical mass of deaf-blind</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">people
existed for perhaps three
generations. If I understood it
correctly,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">there's
a hereditary disease which causes
deafness at birth and (gradually)</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">blindness
later in life. So this group
developed their own rural sign</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">language
(Bay Islands Sign Language aka
French Harbour Sign Language)</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">which
was continued in a tactile modality
for those of age. While there</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">is
little to no documentation on the
actual signs in sign or tactile</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">modality,
it seems clear that it is a sign
language turned tactile, not</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">a
tactile language developed
independently of the other
modalities. As such</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">it
is perhaps not very different from
most (all?) sign languages which can</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">be
used in a tactile way optionally
(e.g., in the dark), without losing
too</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">much
efficiency. The only difference is
that this was possibly used by</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">a
community (albeit small) as their
main and only means of
communication,</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">and
as far as I know such a congregation
of deaf-blind people is attested</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">nowhere
else, and might never happen again.
The little information</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">available
on the tactile language is due to
Ali & Braithwaite (2021) but</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">I
understand the genetic background to
the disease has been researched</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">for
much longer.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Of
course, I would speculate that if
there were a community of humans</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">who,
for some reasons, could not use
speech/sign/touch they would develop</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">a
smell language or a taste language
(assuming they could physically</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">produce
the required amount of signals at
will), so there could be all</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">five
modalities corresponding to our
senses.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">all
the best, H</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Ali,
Kristian & Ben Braithwaite.
(2021) Bay Islands Sign Language: A</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Sociolinguistic
Sketch. In Olivier Le Guen, Josefina
Safar & Marie</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Coppola
(eds.), Emerging Sign Languages of
the Americas (Sign Language</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Typology
[SLT] 9), 435-438. Berlin: DeGruyter
Mouton.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Pada
tanggal Jum, 28 Jan 2022 pukul 00.15
JOO, Ian [Student] <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" target="_blank">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>>
menulis:</span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(204,204,204);border-style:none none none solid;border-width:medium medium medium 1pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;margin:5pt 0cm 5pt 4.8pt">
<div>
<div name="messageBodySection">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Dear
typologists,<br>
<br>
about a year ago, there was a
discussion on whether writing is
a linguistic modality of its own
right, like spoken or signed
modalities.<br>
Although the majority opinion is
that writing is simply a
reflection of the spoken
modality and not a modality by
itself, I argued that written
modality can be independent,
based on several factors:</span></p>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FR">The deaf people
can learn and write written
languages without exposure to
its spoken form;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FR">Some parts of the
written modality are
untranslatable to speech (such
as the bullets I am using here);</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="FR">There are
languages that have been used
almost exclusively in written
form, such as Classical Chinese,
which is incomprehensible when
read aloud in any spoken
language (other than perhaps Old
Chinese).</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">David
Gil disagreed and argued that
even if deaf person writes a
written language, they are still
in some sense communicating in a
spoken language, just in its
written form.<br>
For now, let's leave that
discussion aside, and say that
written modality is not an
independent modality.<br>
The question I would like to ask
is: Are there any other
linguistic modalities? Or do we
have only two - signed and
spoken?<br>
If we have only two modalities,
then is it hypothetically
possible to have other
modalities?<br>
Or are the two modalities
biologically ingrained in our
brains, and we can only truly
acquire a language in either
signed or spoken form?<br>
To me this seems to be a
critical question regarding how
we understand human language,
yet to my knowledge, it has been
seldom discussed. So I would
appreciate your opinion on this
issue.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div name="messageSignatureSection">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"><br>
From Uppsala, </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">Ian</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0cm" lang="FR"><img style="width: 0.3333in; height: 0.3333in;" id="gmail-m_4798546533584351449gmail-m_3624175674067728409gmail-m_-663537597743905121_x0000_i1025" alt="Image removed by sender." width="32" height="32" border="0"></span><span lang="FR"></span></p>
<p><span lang="FR"><br>
<i>Disclaimer:</i></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:36pt"><i><span style="color:black" lang="FR">This
message (including any
attachments) contains confidential
information intended for a
specific individual and purpose.
If you are not the intended
recipient, you should delete this
message and notify the sender and
The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University (the University)
immediately. Any disclosure,
copying, or distribution of this
message, or the taking of any
action based on it, is strictly
prohibited and may be unlawful.</span></i><span lang="FR"></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:36pt"><i><span lang="FR">The University
specifically denies any
responsibility for the accuracy or
quality of information obtained
through University E-mail
Facilities. Any views and opinions
expressed are only those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily
represent those of the University
and the University accepts no
liability whatsoever for any
losses or damages incurred or
caused to any party as a result of
the use of such information.</span></i><span lang="FR"></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></span></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></span></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset></fieldset>
<pre>_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
</pre>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</blockquote></div>