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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN">Dear
friends and colleagues,</span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN">many
thanks for the rich, valuable information you have given me by
answering my
question. What I was looking for are kinship terms incorporating
complex
relational semantic structures. Actually, I am not interested in
the relatively
well-known structure “a bereaved child” (“orphan”), but in its
opposite “a
bereaved parent”, apparently much more rarely implemented by an
individual
lexeme.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:
yes" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN">It
is very interesting that Australia seems to be the area where
that structure is
so extensively lexicalized. It does not seem to me this is the
case in Europe
as well. Is this for some cultural reason? For example, for
matters associated
with inheritance law? </span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN">Thanks
again and best, <br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Raffaele S.<br>
<span style="mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-no-proof:yes" lang="EN"></span><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Il 17/02/2022 04:26, Mira Ariel ha
scritto:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:AM6PR02MB39759B6C77B5DBE5B5044041D0369@AM6PR02MB3975.eurprd02.prod.outlook.com">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Hebrew
has an adj.
<i>shakul</i> – one who lost a close relative. It must
collocate with a noun, and specifically with mother, father,
parent (less commonly, with brother and sister). Impossible
with grandmother, uncle, grandchild, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Note
that a bereaved parent is most likely not symmetric with
'orphan'. An orphan is young. You wouldn't say about an
adult that she
<b>is</b> (currently) an orphan. But the <i>shakul </i> adj.
can apply till old age.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Empathy,
social consequences etc. determine the use, no doubt.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">By
the way, Hebrew also has
<i>ariri</i> 'one who has no children' (distinct from <i>akar</i>
'can't have children'). This is also socially consequential.
I'm not even sure if a parent who lost their only child
would count as
<i>ariri</i> or not. It's certainly not the central meaning,
although the consequence is the same – "the family is
discontinued". Not surprisingly, this lexeme is disappearing
these days.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Mira
Ariel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose" moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
Lingtyp [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Jess Tauber<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, February 16, 2022 3:28 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Pier Marco Bertinetto
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:piermarco.bertinetto@sns.it"><piermarco.bertinetto@sns.it></a><br>
<b>Cc:</b> list, typology
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Someone whose father ...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Perhaps the loss of a child is far more
common in everyday experience (from failed pregnancy to
accidents to disease than loss of an adult caregiver. Is
there some sort of avoidance issue here leading to the
relative rarity of such terminology? A child is the
responsibility of an adult, so losing one is a potentially a
stain on their reputation, whereas loss of an adult is
generally not usually the fault of the child. <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jess Tauber<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Wed, Feb 16, 2022 at 4:47 PM Pier
Marco Bertinetto <<a href="mailto:piermarco.bertinetto@sns.it" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">piermarco.bertinetto@sns.it</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC
1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Raffaele,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">looking at the issue from the other
side (i.e., a child who lost her/his parents), you
might consider this rather odd, idiosyncratic
lexicalization of Wayana [way, Cariban]:
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>pikuku-tpë</i> (lit.
child-RETROSPECTIVE) = ‘orphan’ (Camargo 2008, ex.
26).<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Camargo, Eliane. 2008. Operadores
aspectuais de estado marcando o nome en wayana<br>
(caribe). LIAMES 8. 85–104. [Aspectual operators of
state marking the noun in Wayana].<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ciao<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Pier Marco<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Il giorno mer 16 feb 2022 alle ore
11:28 Raffaele Simone <<a href="mailto:rsimone@os.uniroma3.it" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">rsimone@os.uniroma3.it</a>>
ha scritto:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC
1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
<div>
<p>Dear colleagues, <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>words like <i>widower </i>and <i>orphan </i>imply
a complex web of relationships. An orphan is someone
whose father or mother has died; a widower is
someone whose wife or husband has died.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Do you know any language in which there are words
that mean "someone to whom a child has died",
"someone to whom a brother or sister has died" etc.?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>R Simone<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
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</blockquote>
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