<div dir="ltr"><div>Dear Michael,</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks so much for following up!</div><div><br></div><div>Yes, it appears that this is a case of inclusory pronominal construction.</div><div><br></div><div>We may need to do a dedicated elicitation session to find out more, but based on my impression and experience with the language this is only found in the first person.</div><div><br></div><div>So the markers <i>ki</i> and <i>cku</i> always have locative usages unless they appear in a sentence with a 1PL agent/actor, in which case they would be interpreted as indicating accompaniment "with".</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Yi-Yang<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 22, 2022 at 11:05 AM Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Dear Yi-Yang,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">judging from your examples, this may be much more specific than comitative / locative homophony. If I understood well, is this not a case of not just accompaniment but more specificall an inclusory pronominal construction (we X = 'X and I'), somehow restricted to the first person? Are inclusory constructions attested elsewhere in the language, with the second and the third person, and if yes, how do they look? </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Michael Daniel</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">вт, 22 февр. 2022 г., 20:21 Yi-Yang Cheng <<a href="mailto:ycheng@ucsb.edu" target="_blank">ycheng@ucsb.edu</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">
<div>Dear colleagues,</div><div><br></div><div>I am working with a
colleague of mine on Matu'uwal (Mayrinax Atayal), a Formosan language
showing a lot of case homophony. When looking at spatial locatives, we
noticed an interesting case of homophony where markers that
indicate <b>location</b> are formally identical to what can be analyzed as
<b>comitatives</b>.</div><div><br></div><div>This is specifically seen in the markers <b><i>ki</i> (proper noun)</b> and <b><i>cku</i> (referential common noun)</b>.
In the following sentences, they indicate participants construed as
goals/recipients. To save space, I will not include more examples, but
the two markers can indicate location and source as well.<br></div><div><ul><li><i>Muway kuing cu gaghap <u><b>ki</b> Hayung</u></i>. 'I gave some seeds <b>to Hayung.</b>'</li><li><i>Pabuway kuing cu gaghap <u><b>cku</b> ulaqi' hani</u></i>. 'I will give some seeds <b>to this child</b>.'</li></ul>The
two markers can also be used to indicate accompaniment, but this is
possible only when the agent/actor is a first-person plural pronoun.
Notice that the proper noun vs. common noun distinction is maintained,
although the latter allows still another marker <i>kinku</i> as well. (It looks like <i>kinku</i> only has the comitative function. It is still unclear whether there is any semantic or functional difference between <i>kinku</i> and <i>cku</i>, though.)<br></div><div><ul><li><i>Mitaal cami <u><b>ki</b> Lawsing</u> cu sinku'</i>. 'We checked on the hunting traps <b>with Lawsing</b>.' (We = me and Lawsing)</li><li><i>Maglu cami <u><b>cku/<i><u><b>kinku</b></u></i>
</b> xuil</u> musa' i ragiyax</i>. 'We went into the forest <b>with the dog</b>.' (We = me and the dog)</li></ul>We
have been wondering whether we should posit two separate case
categories here --- spatial locative vs. comitative --- and were
wondering if anyone can offer us some suggestions or directions.</div><div><br></div><div>Is it common for spatial locatives and comitatives to be formally identical? Is this an unusual case of case homophony?</div><div><br></div><div>Also,
if anyone can recommend any readings pertaining to whether a morpheme
should be analyzed as a case marker instead of a preposition, it would
be very helpful as well!<br></div><div><br></div><div>Thank you all very much in advance for this!</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards,</div><div>Yi-Yang<font color="#888888"><br></font></div>
<br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Yi-Yang Cheng (he/him)<br></div><div>Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics<font color="#888888"> |</font> University of California, Santa Barbara</div><div>Visiting Scholar<font color="#888888"> |</font> Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard University</div><div>Graduate Student Affiliate | Center for Taiwan Studies, UC Santa Barbara</div><div><a href="http://cheng-yiyang.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://cheng-yiyang.org</a><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div>
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</blockquote></div>
</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>Yi-Yang Cheng (he/him)<br></div><div>Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics<font color="#888888"> |</font> University of California, Santa Barbara</div><div>Visiting Scholar<font color="#888888"> |</font> Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard University</div><div>Graduate Student Affiliate | Center for Taiwan Studies, UC Santa Barbara</div><div><a href="http://cheng-yiyang.org" target="_blank">http://cheng-yiyang.org</a><br></div><div><br></div></div></div>