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    <p><font face="Calibri">Dear Yi-Yang,</font></p>
    <p><font face="Calibri">I would suggest a correction: I think
        Michael meant (and I second that completely) that *inclusory*
        should not be equated with *comitative* (accompaniment), this is
        indeed a separate function. In many languages that do have
        inclusory constructions, they use the same marker as comitative,
        but there are various alternatives as well (e.g. juxtaposition,
        coordination or dedicated marking). See my paper (Arkhipov 2009)
        for some discussion and references.</font></p>
    <p><font face="Calibri">So what you have is probably
        locative-inclusory syncretism and not locative-comitative.<br>
        <br>
        But this does not mean that inclusory comes first -- especially
        given the wide range of locative "flavours" that your markers
        cover, I would rather expect the inclusory function to have
        developed from (some) locative, but that's just a guess. A local
        typology would be indeed fairly interesting!<br>
      </font></p>
    <p><font face="Calibri">Arkhipov, Alexander. 2009. Comitative as a
        cross-linguistically valid category. In: P. Epps, A. Arkhipov
        (eds.) New Challenges in Typology 2: Transcending the Borders
        and Refining the Distinctions.<br>
        (available on academia.edu:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.academia.edu/15009713/_2009_Comitative_as_a_cross_linguistically_valid_category">https://www.academia.edu/15009713/_2009_Comitative_as_a_cross_linguistically_valid_category</a>)</font></p>
    <p>All best,<br>
      Alexandre<br>
      <br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">22/02/2022 20:54, Yi-Yang Cheng пишет:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAK_ru0Q6W5Psf-1+FYQ8aEg4fFJke2CR3N-rtAZ1tx=VLYNhRQ@mail.gmail.com">
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        <div>Dear Michael,</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>I see! If I understand correctly: the starting point would
          be the inclusory construction, which could be exploiting other
          grammatical phenomena in the language.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Based on this, then, it looks like in Matu'uwal spatial
          locative markers are recruited in the inclusory construction,
          which is a very restricted environment in which these markers
          would be interpreted as indicating accompaniment. <br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Going back to the original question/problem I had in mind,
          this would weaken any argument for establishing comitative as
          a case category in the language.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>It's still interesting how it's spatial locatives that are
          recruited here. I will need to check, but I think in other
          closely related (Atayal) languages, it might be the general
          coordinator (in the form <i>ru</i>) that serves a similar
          function in inclusory construction. This could lead to a nice
          typology project on inclusory constructions across these
          languages!</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Thanks a lot!</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Yi-Yang<br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 22, 2022 at 11:36
          AM Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="auto">Let me be more specific - my hunch is that you
            do not necessarily have to talk about locative - comitative
            homophony in case of accompaniment that is limited to
            inclusory construction. Think of this - in some languages
            inclusory constructions exploit juxtaposition and in some
            others, i think, coordination. I am not sure these are solid
            grounds for talking about homophony between whatever other
            functions of juxtaposition or.coordination and
            accompaniment. 
            <div dir="auto"><br>
            </div>
            <div dir="auto">In other words, to my eyes, inclusory
              constructions represent a function apart, even if they
              have conceptually something in common with accompaniment
              and sometimes even originate from comitatives.</div>
            <div dir="auto"><br>
            </div>
            <div dir="auto">Michael Daniel</div>
          </div>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">вт, 22 февр. 2022 г.,
              22:19 Yi-Yang Cheng <<a href="mailto:ycheng@ucsb.edu"
                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">ycheng@ucsb.edu</a>>:<br>
            </div>
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              0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
              rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div>Dear Michael,</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Thanks so much for following up!</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Yes, it appears that this is a case of inclusory
                  pronominal construction.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>We may need to do a dedicated elicitation session
                  to find out more, but based on my impression and
                  experience with the language this is only found in the
                  first person.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>So the markers <i>ki</i> and <i>cku</i> always
                  have locative usages unless they appear in a sentence
                  with a 1PL agent/actor, in which case they would be
                  interpreted as indicating accompaniment "with".</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Best,</div>
                <div>Yi-Yang<br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
              </div>
              <br>
              <div class="gmail_quote">
                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Feb 22, 2022
                  at 11:05 AM Michael Daniel <<a
                    href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com"
                    rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
                    moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>
                  wrote:<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px
                  0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                  rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                  <div dir="auto">Dear Yi-Yang,
                    <div dir="auto"><br>
                    </div>
                    <div dir="auto">judging from your examples, this may
                      be much more specific than comitative / locative
                      homophony. If I understood well, is this not a
                      case of not just accompaniment but more
                      specificall an inclusory pronominal construction
                      (we X = 'X and I'), somehow restricted to the
                      first person? Are inclusory constructions attested
                      elsewhere in the language, with the second and the
                      third person, and if yes, how do they look? </div>
                    <div dir="auto"><br>
                    </div>
                    <div dir="auto">Michael Daniel</div>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <div class="gmail_quote">
                    <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">вт, 22 февр. 2022
                      г., 20:21 Yi-Yang Cheng <<a
                        href="mailto:ycheng@ucsb.edu" rel="noreferrer"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext">ycheng@ucsb.edu</a>>:<br>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px
                      0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
                      rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                      <div dir="ltr">
                        <div>Dear colleagues,</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>I am working with a colleague of mine on
                          Matu'uwal (Mayrinax Atayal), a Formosan
                          language showing a lot of case homophony. When
                          looking at spatial locatives, we noticed an
                          interesting case of homophony where markers
                          that indicate <b>location</b> are formally
                          identical to what can be analyzed as <b>comitatives</b>.</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>This is specifically seen in the markers <b><i>ki</i>
                            (proper noun)</b> and <b><i>cku</i>
                            (referential common noun)</b>. In the
                          following sentences, they indicate
                          participants construed as goals/recipients. To
                          save space, I will not include more examples,
                          but the two markers can indicate location and
                          source as well.<br>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <ul>
                            <li><i>Muway kuing cu gaghap <u><b>ki</b>
                                  Hayung</u></i>. 'I gave some seeds <b>to
                                Hayung.</b>'</li>
                            <li><i>Pabuway kuing cu gaghap <u><b>cku</b>
                                  ulaqi' hani</u></i>. 'I will give some
                              seeds <b>to this child</b>.'</li>
                          </ul>
                          The two markers can also be used to indicate
                          accompaniment, but this is possible only when
                          the agent/actor is a first-person plural
                          pronoun. Notice that the proper noun vs.
                          common noun distinction is maintained,
                          although the latter allows still another
                          marker <i>kinku</i> as well. (It looks like <i>kinku</i>
                          only has the comitative function. It is still
                          unclear whether there is any semantic or
                          functional difference between <i>kinku</i>
                          and <i>cku</i>, though.)<br>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <ul>
                            <li><i>Mitaal cami <u><b>ki</b> Lawsing</u>
                                cu sinku'</i>. 'We checked on the
                              hunting traps <b>with Lawsing</b>.' (We =
                              me and Lawsing)</li>
                            <li><i>Maglu cami <u><b>cku/<i><u><b>kinku</b></u></i>
                                  </b> xuil</u> musa' i ragiyax</i>. 'We
                              went into the forest <b>with the dog</b>.'
                              (We = me and the dog)</li>
                          </ul>
                          We have been wondering whether we should posit
                          two separate case categories here --- spatial
                          locative vs. comitative --- and were wondering
                          if anyone can offer us some suggestions or
                          directions.</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Is it common for spatial locatives and
                          comitatives to be formally identical? Is this
                          an unusual case of case homophony?</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Also, if anyone can recommend any readings
                          pertaining to whether a morpheme should be
                          analyzed as a case marker instead of a
                          preposition, it would be very helpful as well!<br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Thank you all very much in advance for
                          this!</div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>Best regards,</div>
                        <div>Yi-Yang<font color="#888888"><br>
                          </font></div>
                        <br clear="all">
                        <br>
                        -- <br>
                        <div dir="ltr">
                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div>Yi-Yang Cheng (he/him)<br>
                            </div>
                            <div>Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics<font
                                color="#888888"> |</font> University of
                              California, Santa Barbara</div>
                            <div>Visiting Scholar<font color="#888888">
                                |</font> Fairbank Center for Chinese
                              Studies, Harvard University</div>
                            <div>Graduate Student Affiliate | Center for
                              Taiwan Studies, UC Santa Barbara</div>
                            <div><a href="http://cheng-yiyang.org"
                                rel="noreferrer noreferrer"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://cheng-yiyang.org</a><br>
                            </div>
                            <div><br>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      _______________________________________________<br>
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              <br>
              -- <br>
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div dir="ltr">
                  <div>Yi-Yang Cheng (he/him)<br>
                  </div>
                  <div>Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics<font
                      color="#888888"> |</font> University of
                    California, Santa Barbara</div>
                  <div>Visiting Scholar<font color="#888888"> |</font>
                    Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard
                    University</div>
                  <div>Graduate Student Affiliate | Center for Taiwan
                    Studies, UC Santa Barbara</div>
                  <div><a href="http://cheng-yiyang.org"
                      rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
                      moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://cheng-yiyang.org</a><br>
                  </div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
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              </div>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
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      <br>
      -- <br>
      <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
        <div dir="ltr">
          <div>Yi-Yang Cheng (he/him)<br>
          </div>
          <div>Ph.D. Candidate in Linguistics<font color="#888888"> |</font>
            University of California, Santa Barbara</div>
          <div>Visiting Scholar<font color="#888888"> |</font> Fairbank
            Center for Chinese Studies, Harvard University</div>
          <div>Graduate Student Affiliate | Center for Taiwan Studies,
            UC Santa Barbara</div>
          <div><a href="http://cheng-yiyang.org" target="_blank"
              moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://cheng-yiyang.org</a><br>
          </div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
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