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    <p>You'll find further examples in:</p>
    <p>Beyer, Stephan V. 1993. The Classical Tibetan Language. Delhi:
      Sri Satguru Publications, pp. 278-9</p>
    <p>Schwieger, Peter. 2006. Handbuch zur Grammatik der klassischen
      tibetischen Schriftsprache. Halle: IITBS, International Institute
      for Tibetan and Buddhist Studies, pp. 310-1.</p>
    <p>Best,</p>
    <p>Joanna<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2022-03-01 09:32, zemp marius wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAHytibchoxqYqBvR5Y+zv7cZePjcQTUBNT0D_NBeDjwgQD22Uw@mail.gmail.com">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">Dear Riccardo, dear others,<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">thanks for your valuable input. It allows me to
            specify what I’m interested <a moz-do-not-send="true">in</a></span><span
            class="gmail-MsoCommentReference"><span
              style="font-size:8pt"><a class="gmail-msocomanchor"
                id="gmail-_anchor_1" href="#_msocom_1"
                name="_msoanchor_1" moz-do-not-send="true"></a><span></span></span></span><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">.
            In the Written Tibetan examples presented in my previous
            email, as well as in the
            following example from modern Central Tibetan,<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><i><span
              style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
              lang="EN-US">sem <span>    </span>kjo-wa-laa<span></span></span></i></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">mind<span>   </span>sad-<span
              style="font-variant:small-caps">nlzr-ost</span><span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">‘How sad!’<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">-<i>la(a)</i> points to a clear manifestation
            or a great
            example of the property denoted by the nominalized verb.<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">Which is why I think ‘ostensive’ might be a
            good label
            – While in ostensive definitions, one defines something by
            pointing to a good
            example, Tibetan -<i>la</i> points to a good or even great
            example of what one
            is talking about<a moz-do-not-send="true">.</a></span><span
            class="gmail-MsoCommentReference"><span
              style="font-size:8pt"><a class="gmail-msocomanchor"
                id="gmail-_anchor_2" href="#_msocom_2"
                name="_msoanchor_2" moz-do-not-send="true"></a><span></span></span></span><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">What distinguishes the ‘ostensive’ use of
            Tibetan -<i>la</i>
            from most of the uses of goal cases you mentioned is that
            this -<i>la</i> here could
            be analyzed as finite, as it completes a sentence. While
            pointing to a state of
            affairs exemplifying the property denoted by the nominalized
            verb, -<i>la</i> also implies that this state of affairs
            currently applies, or is at least
            currently experienced.<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">Come to think of it, you could also analyze
            this use
            of the Tibetan goal case as an instance of insubordination.
            For instance, you
            could assume that someone using it in this way actually
            means ‘look at (the
            property denoted by the nominalized verb)!’ However, even if
            we can think of such
            a matrix <a moz-do-not-send="true">sentence</a></span><span
            class="gmail-MsoCommentReference"><span
              style="font-size:8pt"><a class="gmail-msocomanchor"
                id="gmail-_anchor_3" href="#_msocom_3"
                name="_msoanchor_3" moz-do-not-send="true"></a><span> </span></span></span><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">(‘look
            at [VN-<i>la</i>]!’, or perhaps also ‘feel [VN-<i>la</i>]!’
            or ‘consider [VN-<i>la</i>]!’)
            as being elided here, I would not assume that the meaning of
            the ostensive
            construction <i>equals</i> that facilitated by any of these
            matrix sentences.<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">In short, I’m actually looking for
            cross-linguistic parallels for the <i>finite</i> or <i>predicative</i>
            use
            of a goal case.<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">Best,<span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span
            style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
            lang="EN-US">Marius<span></span></span></p>
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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    </blockquote>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Dr. Joanna Bialek
Zentralasien-Seminar
Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</pre>
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