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<p>Dear Jesús,</p>
<p>just two observations on your question:</p>
<p>1. While I ignore who proposed to speak of 'polarity reversal'
with reference to counterfactual conditionals, the term does not
appear to be particularly felicitous. A conditional clause
presupposes the disjunction between a proposition and its negative
counterpart. It chooses one of the alternatives and asserts a
conclusion which follows from the choice. A counterfactual
conditional does the same. It has an added presupposition saying
that the alternative not chosen for conclusion is true. This is
all.</p>
<p>2. The pairing of a univocal structure with the meaning
described, in the form of the counterfactual conditional
construction, is something first observed in Latin and then
applied to further languages. As you imply, many languages lack
such a pairing of function with structure. Then they may code the
additional presupposition explicitly. Taking up your example #3,
they might add the assertion: 'but I didn't go.'</p>
<p>Moreover, such an assertion is often added to counterfactual
conditionals even in SAE languages whose grammatical means would
appear to be sufficient to convey counterfactuality. There are
contexts in which it is expedient to make explicit what started
out as a presupposition.<br>
</p>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 06.03.2022 um 03:38 schrieb Jesus
Francisco Olguin Martinez:<br>
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<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">Dear
all,</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">I
hope this message finds you well.</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">As
you know, counterfactual conditionals involve <b><u>polarity
reversal</u></b>, that is, they involve a
situation with the opposite polarity to
what is marked, as in the following examples:</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">1.
If I had gone, I would have seen her </font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">[I
did not go, I did not see her]</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">2.
If I hadn't gone, I would have not seen her.</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">[I
did go, I did see her]</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">Polarity
reversal tends to be inferred</font><span
style="font-family:georgia,serif"> </span><span
style="font-family:georgia,serif">in counterfactual
conditionals</span><font face="georgia, serif">, as
in the examples shown above. </font><span
style="font-family:georgia,serif">However, there are
various languages in which polarity reversal must be
explicitly indicated:</span></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">3.
If I had gone, I would have seen her, (<b>BUT) I DID
NOT (SEE HER)</b>. </font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">I
have various hypotheses regarding why these
languages may indicate explicitly polarity reversal
in this type of construction. </font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">I
was wondering if you are aware of any studies that
have explored this domain and/or any l</font><span
style="font-family:georgia,serif">anguages that have
this type of construction.</span></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">Thank
you very much in advance!</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default"><font face="georgia, serif">Best,</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><span
style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">--</span><br>
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<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:rgb(33,33,33);margin:0px"><font
face="AR CENA"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">Jesús
Olguín Martínez</span></font></div>
<div
style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe
UI","Segoe
WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px"><font
size="2" face="Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:11pt"><font face="AR CENA">Ph.D.
Candidate, Dept. of Linguistics</font></span></font></div>
<div
style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe
UI","Segoe
WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px"><font
size="2" face="Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:11pt"><font face="AR CENA"><i>University
of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)</i></font></span></font></div>
<div
style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe
UI","Segoe
WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px"><font
size="2" face="Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:11pt"><font face="AR CENA"><a
href="http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/people/jes%C3%BAs-olgu%C3%ADn-mart%C3%ADnez"
style="color:rgb(17,85,204)"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/people/jesús-olguín-martínez</a></font></span></font></div>
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