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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Fillers and placeholders</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span lang="EN-US">Workshop at ALT 2022 convened by Françoise ROSE and Brigitte PAKENDORF</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoBookTitle"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US">Fillers are non-silent linguistic devices used in disfluencies to gain time while searching for words, such as “search sounds” like
<i>um</i>, specific words like the Spanish demonstrative <i>este</i>, or discourse markers like
<i>y’know</i>. Among these devices, placeholders are specific lexical items filling in the slot of the delayed word or constituent, and as such are often morphosyntactically integrated, as in the example below
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(Podlesskaya 2010: 12)</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><img width="373" height="103" style="width:3.8854in;height:1.0729in" id="Image_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01D8136D.DD7EB020" alt="cid:image001.png@01D8136D.DD7EB020"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US">Fillers are mainly seen as participating in self-repair
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks 1977)</span><span lang="EN-US">, and various fillers can indicate different disfluency functions
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(Clark and Fox Tree 2002; Kärkkäinen, Sorjonen, and Helasvuo 2007; Navarretta 2015)</span><span lang="EN-US"> but they can also participate in interaction management and discourse planning. Furthermore, it has also been argued that
disfluency devices can be used intentionally with communicative goals, such as for generic expressions or as a vague identifier meaning ‘N or whatever’
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(see for example Corley and Stewart 2008; Podlesskaya 2010)</span><span lang="EN-US">.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US">Fillers, while very likely present in all languages, are infrequently described in grammars, especially for underdescribed languages. As a consequence, the morphosyntactic typology of the domain
is only emerging. A preliminary typological study of placeholders (Podlesskaya, 2010) shows that placeholders fill in for nouns more often than for verbs; in the latter case, verbal morphology can be attached directly to a pronominal root, to a derived stem,
or to a bleached verbal root that combines with a pronominal or nominal stem. The morphosyntax of placeholders is often rather idiosyncratic, and languages vary in the degree to which the morphology of the target item is mirrored, from zero replication via
only partial replication to the full complement of target morphology. They also vary in the degree of repetition of preceding grammatical constituents such as prepositions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-US">Besides the synchronic morphosyntactic analysis of fillers, interesting questions are the relation of fillers with gestures
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(see for example Navarretta 2015)</span><span lang="EN-US">, methodological issues in transcribing disfluencies in discourse, especially in the context of language documentation
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(Himmelmann 2006)</span><span lang="EN-US">, and the historical development of such items. Mostly, placeholders develop out of (demonstrative) pronouns (like Russian
<i>eto</i> in (1), see also </span><span lang="EN-GB">(Hayashi and Yoon 2010)</span><span lang="EN-US">) or generic nouns (e.g. ‘thing’ as in Teko
</span><span lang="EN-GB">(Rose 2011: 176)</span><span lang="EN-US">), but lexicalized constructions that include an interrogative are also common, like English
<i>whatchamacallit</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB">(Podlesskaya, 2010; on the latter point see also Enfield 2003)</span><span lang="EN-US">.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">By putting together this workshop, our major aim is to instigate typological research on fillers and placeholders on the basis of a larger variety of languages. To do so, detailed and typologically
informed analysis of fillers and placeholders in underdescribed languages are needed. We believe this task is nowadays facilitated by the existence of large corpora of natural speech.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:18.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">We invite talks dealing with one or several of the following research topics on fillers (including placeholders):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">phonological and morphosyntactic description<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">relation to prosody and gestures<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">fillers in sign languages<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">discourse functions, within and beyond disfluencies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">frequency in speech<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">historical development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Talks can target individual languages, a sample of unrelated languages, language families or linguistic areas. For more information, please contact the convenors:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Françoise ROSE: </span><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr"><span lang="EN-US">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</span></a>
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE">Brigitte PAKENDORF : </span><a href="mailto:brigitte.pakendorf@cnrs.fr"><span lang="DE">brigitte.pakendorf@cnrs.fr</span></a><span lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span lang="EN-GB">The following specifications are excerpted from the ALT XIV call for papers:<o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Abstracts should be submitted through Easychair (https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=alt2022)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="cdt4ke" style="margin-top:9.0pt;text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#212121">Abstracts submitted to a
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">workshop
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#212121">will be jointly reviewed by members of the ALT 2022 Abstract Review Committee and the
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">workshop
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#212121">organizers.
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Abstracts submitted for a workshop but not accepted there will be automatically considered for inclusion in the general or poster session.<span style="color:#212121"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">Abstract specifications</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">Abstracts must be anonymous: do not put your name or other identifying information on the abstract. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:#212121">Abstracts should be at a maximum length of one<strong> single-spaced page, 12pt font, with another page (at maximum) for references and examples</strong>.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">Please put this information at the top of your abstract: abstract title; abstract category (oral, poster, oral/poster); workshop title (if applicable). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">Abstract submission deadline: April 1, 2022
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">Notification of acceptance: June 1, 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;text-autospace:none">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Clark, Herbert H., and Jean H. Fox Tree. 2002. “Using Uh and Um in Spontaneous Speaking.”
<i>Cognition</i> 84 (1): 73–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00017-3.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Corley, Martin, and Oliver W. Stewart. 2008. “Hesitation Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech: The Meaning of Um.”
<i>Language and Linguistics Compass</i> 2 (4): 589–602. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00068.x.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Enfield, N.J. 2003. “The Definition of What-d’you-Call-It: Semantics and Pragmatics of Recognitional Deixis.”
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<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Hayashi, Makoto, and Kyung-Eun Yoon. 2010. “A Cross-Linguistic Exploration of Demonstratives in Interaction. With Particular Reference to the Context of Word-Formulation
Trouble.” In <i>Fillers, Pauses and Placeholders</i>, by Nino Amiridze, Boyd H. Davis, and M. Maclagan, 93:33–66. Typological Studies in Language. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Himmelmann, Nikolaus. 2006. “The Challenges of Segmenting Spoken Language.” In
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<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="DE" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Kärkkäinen, Elise, Marja-Leena Sorjonen, and Marja-Liisa Helasvuo.
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<p class="MsoBibliography"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Navarretta, Costanza. 2015. “The Functions of Fillers, Filled Pauses and Co-Occurring Gestures in Danish Dyadic Conversations.” In
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