<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">In Chinese the unmarked form for ‘cough’ is ké-sòu (咳嗽), both parts of which are seen as onomatopoetic.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Randy<br class=""><div class="">
<meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">——</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Professor Randy J. LaPolla</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; orphans: 2; widows: 2;" class="">（罗仁地)</span><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">, PhD FAHA </span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Center for Language Sciences</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai Campus</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">A302, Muduo Building, #18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai City</span><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">, Guangdong</span><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">, China</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><a href="https://randylapolla.info" class="">https://randylapolla.info</a></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class="">ORCID ID:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: rgb(73, 74, 76); background-color: white;" class=""><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6196" class="">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6196</a> </span></span> </div><div><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div><span class="" style="font-size: 15px;">邮编：519000</span><br class="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 15px;">广东省珠海市唐家湾镇金凤路18号木铎楼A302</span><br class="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 15px;">北京师范大学珠海校区</span><br class="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 15px;">人文和社会科学高等研究院</span><br class="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span class="" style="font-size: 15px;">语言科学研究中心 </span></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 11 Mar 2022, at 10:07 PM, JOO, Ian [Student] <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" class="">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div name="messageBodySection" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><div dir="auto" class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">The prosaic (non-ideophonic) words for ‘cough’ indeed have iconic association to /k/ and /o/. In Johansson et al. (2020), they find that /k/ and /o/ occur frequently in hundreds of words for ‘cough’ in genealogically unrelated languages:</span><br class=""></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px;" class=""><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">COUGH, LUNG, SNORE and THROAT were also associated with [+round] and</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">[back], but instead of /u/, the most commonly occurring cardinal sound was /o/</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">in all cases. In addition, COUGH was also associated with [</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica;" class="">–</span><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">voice] which was</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">represented by the cardinal sound /k/. This seems to suggest that the common</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">phonetic denominator in the macro-concept PHARYNGEAL involves the back of</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">oral cavity and possibly also a somewhat more open mouth than the vowels of</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: Times;" class="">AIRFLOW.</span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></blockquote><div dir="auto" class="">Johansson, N. E., Anikin, A., Carling, G., & Holmer, A. (2020). The typology of sound symbolism: Defining macro-concepts via their semantic and phonetic features. Linguistic Typology, 24(2), 253-310.</div></div><div name="messageSignatureSection" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><br class="">Regards,<div dir="auto" class="">Ian</div></div><div name="messageReplySection" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class="">On 11 Mar 2022, 2:59 PM +0100, Giurgea Ion <<a href="mailto:giurgeaion@yahoo.com" class="">giurgeaion@yahoo.com</a>>, wrote:<br class=""><blockquote type="cite" style="border-left-color: grey; border-left-width: thin; border-left-style: solid; margin: 5px; padding-left: 10px;" class=""><div class="ydp5b82febbyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><div class=""></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" class="">Dear all,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" class="">The Indo-European reconstructed root has a similar ideophonic basis - here is the entry in H. Rix (ed.,2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben:</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" class=""><1647007130881blob.jpg><br class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div id="ydpbcaf48dayahoo_quoted_7358663922" class="ydpbcaf48dayahoo_quoted"><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(38, 40, 42);" class=""><div class="">On Friday, March 11, 2022, 03:52:52 PM GMT+2, JOO, Ian [Student] <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" class="">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>> wrote:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605" class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class="">Dear Rafaelle,<br clear="none" class=""><br clear="none" class="">here are the translations of Korean 콜록콜록 khollok-khollok that I have retrieved from the Naver Dictionaries (<a href="http://dict.naver.com/" class="">dict.naver.com</a>).<br clear="none" class=""><br clear="none" class="">Japanese ごほんごほん, こんこん. gohon-gohon, kon-kon<br clear="none" class="">Mandarin 喀喀 ，吭吭 ，咳咳 kākā, kēngkēng, kéké<br clear="none" class="">Vietnamese sù sụ, khù khụ<br clear="none" class="">Mongolian пөг пөг pög-pög<br clear="none" class="">Indonesian krok krok<br clear="none" class="">Thai โขลก ๆ, ค๊อก ๆ, แค๊ก ๆ khlôok khlôok, khóok khóok, khéek khéek<br clear="none" class=""><br clear="none" class="">Hope this helps.<br clear="none" class=""><br clear="none" class="">Also, if you are interested in ideophones and iconicity, please join our Facebook group on Iconicity:<br clear="none" class=""><a shape="rect" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingicon" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingicon</a><br clear="none" class="">We have a monthly Zoom seminar on Iconicity. You are welcome to share your work there.</div></div><div class=""><br clear="none" class="">From Uppsala,<div class="">Ian</div></div><div id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605yqt54298" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605yqt8093187184"><div class="">On 11 Mar 2022, 2:22 PM +0100, Csilla Kász, M.A. <<a href="mailto:ckasz@isfas.uni-kiel.de" class="">ckasz@isfas.uni-kiel.de</a>>, wrote:<br clear="none" class=""><blockquote type="cite" style="border-left-color: grey; border-left-width: thin; border-left-style: solid; margin: 5px; padding-left: 10px;" class=""><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Hello,</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">The Hungarian counterpart of a fake cough is quite similar to the Finnish, but is usually said twice:</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><em class="">Köhöm-köhöm</em></p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">the pronunciation is [køhøm]</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Best,</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Csilla</p><div id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605signature" class="">---<br clear="none" class=""><div class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605pre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: monospace;">Csilla Kász<br clear="none" class=""><br clear="none" class="">Postanschrift:<br clear="none" class="">Institut für Skandinavistik, Frisistik und Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft -<br clear="none" class="">Abteilung für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft<br clear="none" class="">Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel<br clear="none" class="">Olshausenstraße 40<br clear="none" class="">D-24098 Kiel<br clear="none" class=""><br clear="none" class="">Tel. +49 431 880 2669</div></div><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><p id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605reply-intro" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Am 2022-03-11 14:06, schrieb Jussi Ylikoski:</p><blockquote type="cite" style="padding: 0px 0.4em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); margin: 0px;" class=""><div id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605replybody1" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class="">Dear all,</div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class="">[mˈm̥m], this discussion sounds interesting! For pronunciation and translations for<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><em class="">ahem</em>, see<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a shape="rect" id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1LPNoLPOWALinkPreview" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahem" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahem</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with the interlanguage links. I just added<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a shape="rect" title="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kr%C3%B6h%C3%B6m" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kr%C3%B6h%C3%B6m" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class=""><em class="">kröhöm</em></a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>into the Finnish entry at<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a shape="rect" id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1LPNoLPOWALinkPreview_1" href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahem" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ahem</a>.</div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class="">Best,</div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class="">Jussi</div><div class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1_EType_OWALinkPreview ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1_EId_OWALinkPreview_1 ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1_EReadonly_1 ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1_Entity"> </div><br clear="none" class=""><div id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1appendonsend" class=""></div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </div><hr style="display: inline-block; width: 613.109375px;" class=""><div dir="ltr" id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><strong class="">Frá:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> fyrir hönd David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" class="">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>><br clear="none" class=""><strong class="">Sent:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>föstudagur, 11. mars 2022 14:47<br clear="none" class=""><strong class="">Til:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br clear="none" class=""><strong class="">Efni:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Lingtyp] An ideophone for cough?</span><div class=""> </div></div><div class=""><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Dear all,</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Not exactly ideophones or coughing, but English has "harrumph" and "ahem" to denote a sort of fake cough intentionally produced to express disapproval and/or draw attention. (The two actually seem to differ in their status: whereas the former is kind of a regular verb, I don't think I've ever heard "ahem" pronounced — it seems to exist only in written form.)</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Do other languages have similar forms? </p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">David</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><div class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-cite-prefix">On 11/03/2022 11:58, Raffaele Simone wrote:</div><blockquote type="cite" style="padding: 0px 0.4em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); margin: 0px;" class=""><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">Dear all,</span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">working on a paper on ideophones and their place in grammar and lexicon I happened to wonder how things are concerning cough.</span><span class=""></span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">Romance languages and other which I am familiar with do not seem to have a standard ideophone for it and even less a stable an accepted written version of it.</span><span class=""></span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">Do you know languages that have an ideophone for cough and even more a way of indicating it in writing?</span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;">Thanks,</p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;">Raffaele<br clear="none" class=""><span class=""></span><span class=""></span></p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><pre class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-signature">--
===============
Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre
Hon C Lund University
Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique
Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France
Accademico della Crusca
===============
Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications <a shape="rect" href="http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-txt-link-freetext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</a></pre><br clear="none" class=""><fieldset class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset><pre class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
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</pre></blockquote><pre class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-signature">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a shape="rect" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
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</pre></div><div id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1appendonsend" class=""></div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""> </div><hr style="display: inline-block; width: 613.109375px;" class=""><div dir="ltr" id="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1divRplyFwdMsg" class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><strong class="">Frá:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> fyrir hönd David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" class="">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>><br clear="none" class=""><strong class="">Sent:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>föstudagur, 11. mars 2022 14:47<br clear="none" class=""><strong class="">Til:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br clear="none" class=""><strong class="">Efni:</strong><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Lingtyp] An ideophone for cough?</span><div class=""> </div></div><div class=""><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Dear all,</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Not exactly ideophones or coughing, but English has "harrumph" and "ahem" to denote a sort of fake cough intentionally produced to express disapproval and/or draw attention. (The two actually seem to differ in their status: whereas the former is kind of a regular verb, I don't think I've ever heard "ahem" pronounced — it seems to exist only in written form.)</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">Do other languages have similar forms? </p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class="">David</p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><div class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-cite-prefix">On 11/03/2022 11:58, Raffaele Simone wrote:</div><blockquote type="cite" style="padding: 0px 0.4em; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(16, 16, 255); margin: 0px;" class=""><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">Dear all,</span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">working on a paper on ideophones and their place in grammar and lexicon I happened to wonder how things are concerning cough.</span><span class=""></span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">Romance languages and other which I am familiar with do not seem to have a standard ideophone for it and even less a stable an accepted written version of it.</span><span class=""></span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="">Do you know languages that have an ideophone for cough and even more a way of indicating it in writing?</span></p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;">Thanks,</p><p class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;">Raffaele<br clear="none" class=""><span class=""></span><span class=""></span></p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""></p><pre class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-signature">--
===============
Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre
Hon C Lund University
Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique
Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France
Accademico della Crusca
===============
Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications <a shape="rect" href="http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-txt-link-freetext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</a></pre><br clear="none" class=""><fieldset class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset><pre class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a shape="rect" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a shape="rect" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-txt-link-freetext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre></blockquote><pre class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-signature">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a shape="rect" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605v1x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
</pre></div></div></div><br clear="none" class=""><div class="ydpbcaf48dayiv7983908605pre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: monospace;">_______________________________________________<br clear="none" class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none" class=""><a shape="rect" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none" class=""><a shape="rect" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></div></blockquote></blockquote></div></div><img alt="" src="https://www.polyu.edu.hk/emaildisclaimer/85A-PolyU_Email_Signature.jpg" data-inlineimagemanipulating="true" style="width: 403px; max-width: 403px;" class=""><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br clear="none" class=""><em class=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" class="">Disclaimer:</font></em></p><div style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;" class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0.5in;" class=""><i class=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" class=""><span class="">This message (including any attachments) contains confidential information intended for a specific individual and purpose. If you are not the intended recipient, you should delete this message and notify the sender and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (the University) immediately. Any disclosure, copying, or distribution of this message, or the taking of any action based on it, is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful.</span></font></i></p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0.5in;" class=""><i class=""><span class=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: inherit;" class="">The University specifically denies any responsibility for the accuracy or quality of information obtained through University E-mail Facilities. Any views and opinions expressed are only those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the University and the University accepts no liability whatsoever for any losses or damages incurred or caused to any party as a result of the use of such information.</font></span></i></p></div></div><div class="ydpbcaf48dayqt8093187184" id="ydpbcaf48dayqt82938">_______________________________________________<br clear="none" class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none" class=""><a shape="rect" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none" class=""><a shape="rect" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br clear="none" class=""></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><img alt="" src="https://www.polyu.edu.hk/emaildisclaimer/85A-PolyU_Email_Signature.jpg" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""></span><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><br class=""><em class=""><font face="Times New Roman" size="3" class="">Disclaimer:</font></em></p><div style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin-left: 0.5in;" class=""><i class=""><font face="Times New Roman" size="3" class=""><span class="">This message (including any attachments) contains confidential information intended for a specific individual and purpose. If you are not the intended recipient, you should delete this message and notify the sender and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (the University) immediately. Any disclosure, copying, or distribution of this message, or the taking of any action based on it, is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful.</span></font></i></p><p style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; margin-left: 0.5in;" class=""><i class=""><span class=""><font face="Times New Roman" size="3" class="">The University specifically denies any responsibility for the accuracy or quality of information obtained through University E-mail Facilities. Any views and opinions expressed are only those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the University and the University accepts no liability whatsoever for any losses or damages incurred or caused to any party as a result of the use of such information.</font></span></i></p><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">_______________________________________________</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Lingtyp mailing list</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class="">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>