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    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman"">Adam,</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""> </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman"">The synchronic semantic analysis
        that I have proposed for Riau
        Indonesian (Gil 2005, 2017, elsewhere), making reference to a
        dyadic Association
        Operator A (X,Y), meets your requirement of a unified analysis
        for agents and
        possessors; however, it overgeneralizes in that it also allows
        for a variety of
        other possible interpretations.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> 
        </span>Consider
        the following examples:</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""> </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman"">(1)<span style="mso-tab-count:1">      
        </span>kaki<span style="mso-tab-count:1">     </span>ayam</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>leg<span style="mso-tab-count:1">       </span>chicken</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>A ( LEG, CHICKEN
        )</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>'the chicken's
        leg' </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>[but also other
        possible interpretations]<span style="mso-tab-count:1">         
        </span></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""> </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman"">(2)<span style="mso-tab-count:1">      
        </span>makan<span style="mso-tab-count:1">  </span>ayam</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>eat<span style="mso-tab-count:1">        </span>chicken</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>A ( EAT, CHICKEN
        )</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>'the chicken
        is eating' </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""><span style="mso-tab-count:1">           
        </span>[but also other
        possible interpretations]</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""> </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman"">In (1), A ( LEG, CHICKEN ) means
        'something to do with leg
        and chicken', while in (2) A ( EAT, CHICKEN ) means 'something
        to do with eat
        and chicken'.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>As
        suggested by the proposed
        translations ('the chicken's leg', 'the chicken is eating'), the
        Association Operator
        allows for both possessor and agent interpretations.<span
          style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>However, it overgenerates,
        allowing also for
        various other possible interpretations involving other thematic
        roles — as
        indeed are available for such expressions in Riau Indonesian.</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""> </span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman"">I would suggest that an adequate
        representation of the
        connection between possessors and agents (in languages that call
        for it) should
        be two-tiered, consisting of (a) application of the Association
        Operator as in
        (1) and (2) above; supplemented by (b) further more specific
        representations
        that hone in specifically on the analogy between possessors and
        agents.</span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New
        Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
        "Times New Roman""> </span></p>
    <p class="ReferencesT"
      style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
        style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
        lang="EN-US">Gil, David (2005)
        "Word Order Without Syntactic Categories: How Riau Indonesian
        Does
        It", in <span style="color:black">A. Carnie, H. Harley and S.A.
          Dooley
          eds., </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Verb
          First: On the Syntax of
          Verb-Initial Languages</i>, John Benjamins, Amsterdam,
        243-263.</span></p>
    <p class="ReferencesT"
      style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
        style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
        lang="EN-US">Gil, David (2017)
        "Isolating-Monocategorial-Associational Language", in H. Cohen
        and C.
        Lefebvre eds, Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science,
        Second Edition,
        Elsevier, Amsterdam, 471-510.</span></p>
    <p class="ReferencesT"
      style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
        style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
        lang="EN-US"><br>
      </span></p>
    <p class="ReferencesT"
      style="margin-left:27.35pt;text-indent:-27.35pt"><span
        style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"
        lang="EN-US">David<br>
      </span></p>
    <br>
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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19/03/2022 13:28, Adam James Ross
      Tallman wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAK0T6OjCM8Vt2qG79PR2+H=Q4D+KuXis3YntBR6HkiMgsmnv2Q@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Hello
          all,</div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">I
          thought there must be sources on this - but I haven't really
          found anything specific. I'm looking for sources that discuss
          potential semantic links between possessors in the nominal
          domain and agents (A subjects) in the verbal domain. Or just
          semantic explanations for structural homologies between noun
          and verb structure in general.<br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">I am
          aware of diachronic works that discuss the development of
          verbal alignment systems from (clausal) nominalizations. For
          instance, Gildea's work <i>On Reconstructing Grammar </i>gives
          a good explanation as to why we might find structural
          similarities between nouns and verbs for diachronic reasons
          (today's verbal structures were reanalyzed from a nominalized
          structure).<br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Generative
          works, at least dating back to Chomsky's <i>Remarks, </i>explain
          structural homologies between noun and verb structure based on
          abstract formal schema (like X' theory).</div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">But, I
          was wondering if there were works in cognitive grammar or
          metaphor theory that have attempted to give a more synchronic
          explanation for potential symmetries between noun and verb
          phrase structure, based on the idea that noun and verb
          structures might have some common schematic form - or based on
          the idea that there is some metaphorical mapping between
          referential and event (verby) domains. <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">The idea
          would be that somehow possessors in the nominal (referential)
          domain are at some abstract level like agents in the verbal
          (event/situation?) domain (and perhaps analogies with other
          arguments could be made, but those seem less obvious). Maybe
          there's nothing like this, but I assumed that there must be,
          given discussions of "transcategoriality" in the literature.
          Any leads would be appreciated.<br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">best,</div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Adam <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br
            clear="all">
        </div>
        <br>
        -- <br>
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"
          data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div>
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div dir="ltr">
                  <div dir="ltr">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Adam
                          J.R. Tallman</font></div>
                      <div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Post-doctoral
                          Researcher <br>
                        </font></div>
                      <div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Friedrich
                          Schiller Universität<br>
                        </font></div>
                      <div><font face="times new roman, serif">Department
                          of English Studies<br>
                        </font></div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
David Gil

Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany

Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091

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