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Hello, </div>
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But this precisely assumes that "John" and "Mary" are unmarked first names. </div>
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Which I do not believe to be accurate anymore in the context of a student population in Australia for instance (speaking of what I know). </div>
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Presuming unmarkedness implicitly postulates a certain category of population as a norm (including color, age, probably social class...).</div>
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And it seems even more problematic to consider that "John hits Mary" is unmarked 😉. </div>
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<br>
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In my opinion, it is worth risking to distract readers/students ever so slightly to avoid perpetuating stereotypes. </div>
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Plus distraction can be a good thing! </span><br>
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I have found that when presenting tedious grammatical phenomena about a minority language, semantically rich examples can be used as our "window" onto speakers' personalities, lives, cultures, inclinations etc. It is also a way to make speakers visible as individuals,
and show respect, as pointed out by Felicity.</div>
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In teaching contexts, such rich examples often trigger background questions that allow to give flesh to somewhat disincarnated theories. This sort of distraction is a good pedagogical tool to maintain interest and attention. As a reader, I find this applies
to the scientific literature as well. </div>
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Cheers and kind regards, Maïa</div>
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<span style="font-size:small">Dr Maïa Ponsonnet</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">Adjunct Researcher, Discipline of Linguistics</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Building M257</span><br>
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<span style="font-size:small">The University of Western Australia</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:small">
<span style="font-size:small">35 Stirling Hwy, </span><span style="font-size:small">Perth, WA (6009), </span><span style="font-size:small">Australia</span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:small">
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Sebastian Nordhoff <sebastian.nordhoff@glottotopia.de><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, 22 March 2022 8:17 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Conscious choice of linguistic examples</font>
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<div class="PlainText">Dear all,<br>
consider the following illustrations of an adversative construction<br>
<br>
(1) My hat is red but my shirt is blue.<br>
(2) My hat is ochre but my shirt is teal.<br>
<br>
If your point is simply to illustrate the use of "but" in English, (1) <br>
is preferable to (2). Readers are not distracted by the use of uncommon <br>
colour terms, which have no impact whatsoever on the construction under <br>
discussion.<br>
<br>
When discussing grammatical phenomena, a common device to avoid <br>
distraction is to not vary participants in the article/book. This is why <br>
you get "John" and "Mary" all over the place. Upon seeing a sentence <br>
with "John" and "Mary", readers know immediately that the linguistic <br>
phenomenon to be discussed will focus on the words of the sentence which <br>
are not "John" and "Mary". This makes processing on the reader's side <br>
easier as compared to examples with a wide variety of names.<br>
<br>
This strategy is used in other disciplines as well. In cryptography, it <br>
is always Alice who wants to send a message to Bob, and Eve tries to <br>
intercept it. It would confuse readers if all of a sudden a different <br>
set of characters emerged and people would have to backtrack whether <br>
Marie-Pierre was the sender or the receiver.<br>
<br>
There is thus some didactic value in having <br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variables">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variables</a><br>
<br>
The same didactic value holds for non-names, eg verbs or adjectives. <br>
"See" is the prototypical perception verb. One could use "smell", but <br>
readers should be faster in getting the stimulus-experiencer frame for <br>
"see". If your point is to talk about experiencers, start the discussion <br>
with "see" or "hear", not with "smell".<br>
<br>
To come back to transitive verbs, "hit" and "kill" are pretty much the <br>
"John and Mary" of the verbal domain. Readers will know that these verbs <br>
stand in for "affected patient" and "animate patient" and can <br>
extrapolate from there. You could of course use "tickle", but it will <br>
take longer for readers to process that the point you are making is <br>
"affected patient" and "animate patient".<br>
<br>
This is the didactic motivation.<br>
<br>
On the other hand, there are motivations of naturalness. Not all <br>
linguists think that the study of made-up examples of the type "John <br>
gives Mary the book" is a worthwhile exercise.<br>
<br>
Then, you get motivations of diversity and representation, which <br>
conflict with a fixed set of characters with traditional Western names <br>
and their roles. The characters' roles are furthermore stereotyped (that <br>
is the idea for Alice, Bob, and Eve to begin with), but of course <br>
breaking (or not perpetuating) stereotypes is also a motivation writers <br>
can have.<br>
<br>
So you get the competing motivations of didactics, naturalness, and <br>
diversity.<br>
<br>
Depending on the type of paper you write, one or the other of these <br>
motivations will prevail. But it is clear that this is a choice of the <br>
author whether "John hits Mary" or "Fatima tickled Li" are more suitable <br>
in the argument to be made. In line what has been said in this thread <br>
before, authors should realise that the choice of participants and verbs <br>
is in their power. This is not so much about policing (come on, no one <br>
will fine you!), but about realising which motivations can have an <br>
impact on your examples.<br>
<br>
Best wishes<br>
Sebastian<br>
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