<div dir="ltr">In Yahgan (a newly extinct genetic isolate from Tierra del Fuego, which I've studied for 25 years), mean 'intend' can be kuru: 'love, want, wish, desire' (colon marks tenseness of vowel preceding it) or its circumstantial voice derivative chikvri (v here is schwa), yana 'to desire, purpose, want, intend', or ITS circumstantial voice derivative chi:yana (ch as in English church, chip). tapuku: is 'intend but hesitate to', and is the circumstantial voice derivative of apuku: 'leave alone, leave undisturbed'. There is also the permissive-causative (u:-) derivation of chikvri 'to mean, to be the meaning, the cause of' in the following sentence- kundam we: u:chikvri hauanchi-kisi-n haim hu:sha kuru: 'Whatever can be the meaning of all this wind this summer!?' kunda:m 'how?, what kind/sort?', we: positive probability modal, here 'can', u:chikvri 'let mean', hauan 'this -chi possessor, kisi 'summer', -n spatiotemporal locative suffix, haim 'in great degree', hu:sha 'wind' kuru: 'love, want, wish, desire'. Literally 'what can (it) mean, this summer's excessively strong wind ((possibly hu:sha kuru: hides ha- (1st person prefix on kuru:, in which case the sentence should terminate 'I want' (as in, 'to know')). <div><br></div><div>Jess Tauber</div></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br>
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</table><a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"></a></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Apr 10, 2022 at 9:04 AM Riccardo Giomi <<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">
<div>Dear Sebastian,</div><div><br></div><div>I don't know of any published study, but perhaps I can mention that a student of mine recently came up with a nice set of data from Persian, where the word <i>ya'ni</i> seems to have at least the following functions:<br></div><div><br></div><div>- lexical meaning ('mean');</div><div>- copula;</div><div>- "restrictive copula" (where 'X <i>ya'ni </i>Y' is reportedly understood as 'only X is Y');<br></div><div>- self-correction (as in English <i>I mean</i>);</div><div>- clarification (again comparable to <i>I mean</i>);</div><div>- exemplification (cf. the particle/discourse marker use of English <i>like</i>);</div><div>- emphasis (roughly equivalent to English <i>indeed</i>).</div><div><br></div><div>The data are from a course assignment, so I'd rather not share them through a public discussion list. But maybe I can send them to you in a private email, if you are interested.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Riccardo<br></div>
</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Sebastian Löbner <<a href="mailto:loebner@hhu.de" target="_blank">loebner@hhu.de</a>> escreveu no dia domingo, 10/04/2022 à(s) 14:46:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Hi Jess,<br>
<br>
the map should comprise both meaning variants. What I'm looking for is a <br>
map that contains the major different uses of 'mean' and relates them to <br>
verbs and their uses in other languages. Simple example: English 'mean' <br>
corresponds to German 'bedeuten' or 'meinen' and to Dutch 'betekenen' or <br>
'bedoelen', but 'bedeuten' and 'betekenen', and 'meinen' and 'bedoelen', <br>
do not match completely. A crosslinguistic semantic map would help to <br>
provide a more detailed crosslinguistic comparison of the complex <br>
polysemies of the verbs involved. The semantic field(s) are interesting <br>
because they constitute basic metalinguistic and metacommunicative <br>
meanings/concepts/vocabulary (whatever you prefer) to be expected in <br>
almost all languages in one way or other.<br>
<br>
Bests, Sebastian<br>
<br>
<br>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.<br></div>University of Liège</div><div dir="ltr">
Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction</div><div dir="ltr">Research group <i>Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues</i></div><div>F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)</div><div><i></i></div></div></div>
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