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<p><span id="gmail-ms-rterangepaste-start"></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">Hi Dejan,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Sidaama (Highland East Cushitic, Ethiopia) is a language you
could have a look at. In the description by Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), available
here: <a href="https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~dryer/KawachiSidaama.pdf">https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~dryer/KawachiSidaama.pdf</a>, it is shown that
the language has different case markers for modified and unmodified nouns - cf.
for instance the list of abbreviations where we find dedicated glosses for
nominative, genitive, dative and locative of unmodified vs. modified common
nouns. Relevant examples that demonstrate the case marking on modified nouns
can be found if you search for ".MOD" in the glosses.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here is a quote from the thesis:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"The nominative, genitive, and dative-locative case
suffixes on nouns can have different forms depending on three factors: (i)
whether the noun is common or proper, (ii) the gender of the noun, and (iii)
(in the case of a common noun) whether or not the noun is Modified by another
element." (p. 353)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Example (p. 355): unmodified vs. modified nominative
masculine common noun (I highlight the relevant case markers by ** in the
following)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Unmodified:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">beett-**u** kaw-í-ra da-<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif">∅</span>-i</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">child-**NOM.M** here-GEN.PRON.M-ALL come-3SG.M-S.PRF.3SG.M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">'The boy came here.'</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If preceded by a demonstrative, a genitive modifier or an
adjective the nominative is marked by -i (for modified nominative masculine
common nouns), e.g.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Modified:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">hakku beett-**i** kaw-íra da-<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif">∅</span>-i</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">that.M.NOM child-**NOM.MOD.M** here-GEN.PRON.M-ALL
come-3SG.M-S.PRF.3SG.M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">'That boy came here.'</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Other examples in the grammar show that modification by a
relative clause also triggers the use of the "modified" case (-i in the nominative):</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">p. 472</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">y-oo-tt-o <span> </span>r-**i** <span> </span>k’arr-i-s-am-ø-ino-’e.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">say-P.PRF.2SG-2SG-M things-**NOM.MOD.M**
be.in.trouble-EP-CAUS-PASS-3SG.M-P.PRF.3-1SG</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">‘I got confused with what you (SG.M) said.’ (literal
translation seems to be: 'The things that you said troubled me.', YT)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The actual position of the modifier is not relevant for
case-marking. Modifiers usually precede the head noun in Sidaama, but there are
also examples in the grammar where postposed modifiers (such as the universal
quantifier ‘all’) trigger the use of the "modified" case on a noun.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">p. 306</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">duuču-nk-u mann-**i** ha'r-<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif">∅</span>-i</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">all-EMP-NOM.M people-**NOM.MOD.M** leave-3SG.M-S.PRF.3SG.M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">'All the people left.'</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">or:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">mann-**i** duuču-nk-u ha'r-<span style="font-family:"Cambria Math",serif">∅</span>-i</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">people-**NOM.MOD.M** all-EMP-NOM.M leave-3SG.M-S.PRF.3SG.M</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">'All the people left.'</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It might be interesting to compare languages with respect to
what qualifies as "modification" (or said differently: what triggers
the use of the dedicated "modified" case). Kawachi writes on this subject (p. 353):
"Note that 'modification', which is normally a syntactic notion, has to be
used here in a sense specific to Sidaama common nouns, and it is capitalized as
'Modification' (and its related forms are also capitalized whenever the distinction
is relevant: Modified, Unmodified, Modify, Modifier) [...]. Though affixation
is not 'modification' and nouns are not described as 'modified' (in the
ordinary sense) by an affix, Sidaama common nouns accompanied by the possessive
pronominal suffix behave the same way in the selection of the allomorphs of the
nominative, genitive, and dative-locative case suffixes as those that have
dependents (in other words, those 'modified' (in the ordinary sense) by
genitive NPs or adnominals), and these Modified common nouns behave differently
from Unmodified common nouns, namely those neither with a dependent nor the
possessive pronominal suffix. Thus, the use of the possessive pronominal suffix
on a common noun counts as Modification of the noun."</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A final note: Although related Highland East Cushitic
languages also mark case (some of which even have more elaborate case systems
than Sidaama), I am not aware that the distinction between unmodified vs.
modified is relevant for case marking in these languages.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yvonne</p>
</div><span id="gmail-ms-rterangepaste-end"></span><br><p></p><p><br></p><div id="gmail-Signature"> <div id="gmail-divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,"EmojiFont","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols"> <p></p> <div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR">___________<br> <br> Yvonne TREIS </span></b><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)" lang="FR">• Chargée de recherche<br> Directrice Adjointe • </span><u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(5,99,193)" lang="FR"><a href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/" target="_blank" id="gmail-LPNoLP"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">LLACAN (UMR 8135 du CNRS)</span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR"><br> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)" lang="FR">Rédactrice en chef • </span><u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(5,99,193)" lang="FR"><a href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/lla/index.html" target="_blank" id="gmail-LPNoLP"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">Linguistique et Langues Africaines (LLA)</span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)" lang="FR"><br> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)" lang="FR">Web : </span><u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(5,99,193)" lang="FR"><a href="https://llacan.cnrs.fr/p_treis.php" target="_blank" id="gmail-LPNoLP"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">Page personnelle</span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(255,204,102)" lang="FR"> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)" lang="FR">•</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:silver" lang="FR"> </span><u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(5,99,193)" lang="FR"><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/search/index/?q=yvonne+treis&sort=producedDate_tdate+desc&rows=100" target="_blank" id="gmail-LPNoLP"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">Publications sur HAL</span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)" lang="FR"> <br> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102)" lang="FR">Tél. : +33-1-4958-3710</span><br> </p> </div> <br> <p></p></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 5 May 2022 at 17:31, Daniel Ross <<a href="mailto:djross3@gmail.com">djross3@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Dear Dejan,</div><div><br></div><div>In the broadest sense of differential morphosyntax for objects, one thing that comes to mind is object incorporation in polysynthetic languages, where I believe this is typical only of bare noun forms without modification (and especially where those verb+noun combinations are culturally typical). That isn't differential object marking in a traditional sense (and I think typically optional and stylistic, even for unmodified nouns), but it is a case of objects being expressed differently. I don't believe that incorporation is considered a typical feature of Yukaghir languages, but it is a feature of some neighbors, so one possible explanation for this feature might be contact? Could one the non-modified form of this be considered less typologically marked, almost as some kind of promotion? Or does the modified form seem like some kind of non-default as an exception due to being modified?<br></div><div><br></div><div>Differential object marking isn't my area of research, but my impression is that what you describe is not typical (for example, in the Romance languages).</div><div><br></div><div>Daniel<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, May 5, 2022 at 3:02 AM <<a href="mailto:matic@uni-muenster.de" target="_blank">matic@uni-muenster.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear typologists,<br>
<br>
Has any of you ever seen a case of differential argument marking conditioned by whether the argument is modified (i.e. has an attributive modifier or some other adnominal dependent) or not?<br>
<br>
I have this in Tundra Yukaghir. The story goes roughly as follows: If I want to say "I see a reindeer", "reindeer" will take the case suffix A; if I say "I see a good reindeer", "reindeer" takes the case suffix B. In both instances, the argument behaves syntactically the same, the only difference between the two types of case forms being the presence vs. absence of an attributive modifier.<br>
<br>
I have been wondering (a) if any of you know of similar cases in any other language, and (b) how to name and gloss the case form that is used only with modified arguments.<br>
<br>
(I am aware that there is a similar situation in the only relative of Tundra Yukaghir, Kolyma Yukaghir, and that there have been some analyses based on these data, but that's not what I am asking about.)<br>
<br>
Thank you for your answers!<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Dejan<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Prof. Dr. Dejan Matic<br>
Institut für Sprachwissenschaft<br>
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster<br>
Aegidiistr. 5<br>
48143 Münster<br>
Germany<br>
tel. +49-251-8324494<br>
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