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<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Dear Liz, dear all,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">I think there are indeed 2 types, a distributive one and an incremental one.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">With units of time, Romanian has the following types, which are distributive (one event per time unit): </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">- an adverbial use of the derived adjective (<i>zilnic </i>from <i>zi </i>'day', <i>săptămânal </i>from <i>săptămână </i>'week', <i>lunar </i>from <i>lună </i>'month', <i>anual </i>from <i>an </i>'year')</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">- the construction Noun - <i>de </i>"of/from" - Noun: <i>zi de zi, lună de lună </i>etc.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">With other nouns, if with each noun the event becomes "bigger" - more of its incremental argument is affected - a different construction is used: Noun - <i>cu </i>"with" - Noun: <i>distrug oraşul casă cu casă </i>"they-destroy the-city house with house" (= house by house), <i>asfaltăm drumurile kilometru cu kilometru </i>"we-asphalt the-roads kilometer with kilometer"</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Best,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Ion</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></div></div><br></div><div><br></div>
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On Monday, May 23, 2022, 11:45:14 PM GMT+3, David Gil <gil@shh.mpg.de> wrote:
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<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">Dear all,</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">I would tend to agree with Johanna that most or
all of the
cases of reduplicated nouns cited by Liz involve distributivity. <span> </span>Cross-linguistically,
reduplication is the
most widespread strategy for marking the distributive-share in a
relationship
of distributivity.<span> </span>The
most common case
is that in which reduplication marking the distributive-share
occurs on
numerals (see <a shape="rect" href="https://wals.info/chapter/54" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-freetext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://wals.info/chapter/54</a>); however, in some
languages, the
construction generalizes from numerals to other word classes,
including verbs,
adjectives, and — as in the examples cited by Liz — also nouns.</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">For example, in the Hebrew</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">(1)<span> </span>hem
arzu
mizvada-mizvada</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"><span> </span>3PLM
pack.PST.3PL
DISTR~suitcase</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"><span> </span>'They
packed one suitcase at a time'</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">the activity of packing is conceived as
mereologically plural,
denoting a set of packing sub-activities, each of which is
associated with a
single suitcase.<span> </span>Thus, the
packing is
the distributive key, and the suitcase its distributive share. </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">For distributivity to obtain, there must be a
plural distributive
key; otherwise it is blocked.<span> </span>(This
is
why you can't say *Mary ate three apples each.)<span>
</span>In many cases, as in (1) above, the plural distributive key
is verbal,
giving rise to pluractionality.<span> </span>But
the
semantics of distributivity is more complex, involving a binary
relationship
between two items, the distributive key, which may or may not be a
pluractional
verb, and the distributive share — which is often marked by
reduplication.</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal">David</p>
<p class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829MsoNormal"><br clear="none">
</p>
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<div id="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829yqtfd50606" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829yqt3940440221"><div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-cite-prefix">On 23/05/2022 21:48, Johanna Laakso
wrote:<br clear="none">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
</blockquote></div></div><div id="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829yqtfd41663" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829yqt3940440221"></div><div><div id="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829yqtfd85907" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829yqt3940440221">
Dear Liz, dear all,
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">the Hungarian suffix -nként is known by the name
"distributive", and so is the Estonian derivational suffix -ti
(and its Finnish cognate -ttain/-ttäin). These adverb suffixes
in Uralic are sometimes borderline cases between case inflection
and derivation, and Jussi Ylikoski has discussed this Estonian
"dwarf case" in a few articles, see e.g. <a shape="rect" href="http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe202002125279.pdf" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-freetext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe202002125279.pdf</a>
.</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Perhaps it's just because I have been socialized
with a different terminology, but I don't see these suffixes as
primarily expressing "pluractionality" or "increment" or
"increase". In my view, the point is "division" rather than
"addition". The typical context for these adverbs is not
"something increases for every X" but rather "there is one Y for
each X", "Y is divided between all the X's".</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
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<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Best,</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Johanna<br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829Apple-style-span">
</span><div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829Apple-style-span">
</span><div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">--</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Univ.Prof. Dr. Johanna Laakso</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Universität Wien, Institut für
Europäische und Vergleichende Sprach- und
Literaturwissenschaft (EVSL)</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Abteilung Finno-Ugristik</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Campus AAKH Spitalgasse 2-4 Hof 7</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">A-1090 Wien</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><a shape="rect" href="mailto:johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-freetext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at</a>
• <a shape="rect" href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-freetext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/</a></div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Project ELDIA: <a shape="rect" href="http://www.eldia-project.org/" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-freetext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.eldia-project.org/</a> </div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
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<div><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
<blockquote type="cite" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Elizabeth Coppock <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:eecoppock@gmail.com" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-freetext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">eecoppock@gmail.com</a>>
kirjoitti 23.05.2022 kello 19.58:</div>
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<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
<div dir="ltr" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Dear all,
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">I am working on compiling a list of
lexical items (words, affixes, or constructions) that
take a noun and produce an adverb that expresses a
frequency, rate, or tempo. Examples include:</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">- English -ly as in "daily", "monthly"
(which seems to be limited to a small set of time
expressions in the relevant usage; *He gave a playly
breakdown of the game.)</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">- The English "X-by-X" construction, as in
"day by day", "brick by brick" (instances of which
have been described as "pluractional adverbials")</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">- Hungarian -nként as in "naponként"
'daily', "hektaronként" 'by hectare"</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">- Reduplicated nouns in Hebrew as in "yom
yom" 'day [by] day', or "mizvada mizvada 'suitcase
[by] suitcase' (Gil 1995)</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">What I'm looking for could be described as
"items that create pluractional adverbials when
combined with a noun", where the noun specifies some
increment at which the event type in question takes
place. Googling "pluractional adverbials" does not
produce a lot of results outside of English, so I
wonder if there is a better term to search by.</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">(Pluractionality markers that go on verbs
and reduplicated numerals would not fit the
description, but a lot of reduplicated nouns probably
would.)</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Any and all leads would be most
appreciated. Thank you very much in advance.</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Cheers,</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829"><br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Liz Coppock<br clear="none" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">
Department of Linguistics</div>
<div class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829">Boston University</div>
</div>
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<pre class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-signature">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a shape="rect" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" class="ydpa49613e2yiv1579332829moz-txt-link-abbreviated" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
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