<div dir="ltr"><div>Dear Sergey, Guillaume and everyone,</div><div><br></div><div>Guillaume, thank you for bringing up Associated Motion in response to Juergen's question about languages having a grammatical category for motion. What seems to be at the core of that category is "fact-of-motion" (in the sense of "translational motion" as you said). In other words, AM is distinct from (pure) directionals in that it predicates motion, whereas directionals describe the path of a motion verb that already lexically predicates fact-of-motion. These two categories do overlap in some (but not all languages), and that is surveyed in 325 languages my chapter in the recent AM volume and also discussed in many other chapters in the book.</div><div><br></div><div>Sergey, regarding Akkadian in particular, it is my understanding that the ventive is primarily a (pure) directional morpheme, with limited, if any, uses as AM. A recent comprehensive overview is provided in this thesis, including maybe most helpfully a very thorough literature review:</div><div>Fix, S. A. 2021. The Semantics of a Semitic Ventive in Cognitive Perspective: Akkadian Ventive Construals Based on Lexical Verb Types. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America. <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:223941">http://hdl.handle.net/1961/cuislandora:223941</a></div><div><br></div><div>(As an aside, it is fascinating that the first observations related to this were made by the Akkadians themselves, as the first early linguists to recognize such a category in comparison to Sumerian. See p.272, footnote 240 of my dissertation here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5546425">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5546425</a>)<br></div><div><br></div><div>It should be noted that the term "ventive" (like it's "away-from-deictic-center" counterpart "itive", and other variants of each) is ambiguous in traditional usage, referring to either (pure) directional or AM morphemes. Thus "ventive" refers to the directional ("toward-deictic-center") component of the meaning, but may either add fact-of-motion to non-motion verbs, or may be purely directional in combination with motion verbs. This varies by language.</div><div><br></div><div>When writing my chapter in the recent AM volume, I considered the possible relationship between AM and fact-of-motion (and between AM and directionals), with implications for the idea that there might be a category of "motion" verbs in a language. This is briefly discussed on p.68, but unfortunately available descriptions of the languages did not make it entirely clear what happens with AM combines with non-motion verbs, so I wasn't able to establish a full typology.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Ross, Daniel. 2021. A cross-linguistic survey of Associated Motion and Directionals. In Antoine Guillaume & Harold Koch (eds.), <i>Associated Motion</i>, 31–86. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110692099-002">https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110692099-002</a></div><div><br></div><div>In principle, there should be a three-way typology of possible relationships between AM and motion verbs:<br></div><div>1. AM morphemes function as AM when combined with motion verbs, so a ventive would mean "come and EAT" or "come and run" (i.e. arrive from elsewhere, then run here, such as around a field).<br></div><div>2. AM morphemes function as directionals when combined with motion verbs, so a ventive might mean either "come and EAT" (non-motion verb) or "RUN toward the deictic center" (motion verb).</div><div>3. AM morphemes cannot combine with motion verbs at all, so that there is no ventive form for "run" at all, or there may be a separate set of directional morphemes in the language, distinct from and not overlapping with AM.</div><div><br></div><div>Type 1 and Type 2 are well-attested (or at least there is overlap of this type in some languages). Type 3 is harder to identify with confidence (based on available descriptions), but it is certainly my impression that some languages tend to avoid AM forms of motion verbs (perhaps because meanings like "come and run" are unusual, so they would be infrequent, if not ungrammatical).</div><div><br></div><div>Thus if this typology is correct, languages with consistent Type 2 or Type 3 systems would suggest some kind of lexical distinction between motion verbs and non-motion verbs. I would like to investigate this possible distinction more, but I think it would require additional documentation of languages to see whether such a distinction is fully consistent in any language or just a tendency. But that is as close as I can imagine to a grammatical contrast between motion and non-motion verbs.</div><div><br></div><div>As an aside, I have been wondering about whether manner verbs like "run" (for example) are truly motion verbs, in the sense that they necessarily predicate fact-of-motion. If we think of exercising on a treadmill, we can say "I ran in place without moving", where it seems like "run" refers to a bodily motion (moving legs, moving arms, bouncing up and down, etc.) but not strictly translational motion of the person from one place to another. Similarly, birds can "fly" into the wind without changing position. So in that sense, I would also question what exactly it means to be a "motion verb". Of course verbs like "run" and "fly" will readily combine with other components of motion events, at least in many languages, although I believe there are some languages where a directional morpheme or serial verb construction, etc., would be typically used to reinforce motion from one place to another, i.e. "run go (to) store" rather than just "run (to) store". (That kind of pattern seems typical of some creoles, for example, but it's hard to be certain about precisely the fact-of-motion status of "run" without specific investigation.) In short, the relationship between AM and directional morphemes is complicated, and they may overlap in different ways depending on what we assume regarding predication of fact-of-motion for different "motion" verbs.<br></div><div><br></div><div>I hope that's helpful!<br></div><div>Daniel<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Jun 6, 2022 at 1:02 PM Guillaume Jacques <<a href="mailto:rgyalrongskad@gmail.com" target="_blank">rgyalrongskad@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear Sergey,<div><br></div><div>By "translational motion", Guillaume simply means "spatial displacement/change of location" (the deixis can be trans- or cis-locative). Akkadian has a ventive morpheme which indeed seems to have some associated motion uses, though it should be classified as a <i>non-dedicated</i> AM marker.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Le lun. 6 juin 2022 à 19:03, Sergey Loesov <<a href="mailto:sergeloesov@gmail.com" target="_blank">sergeloesov@gmail.com</a>> a écrit :<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear Guillaume,<div><br></div><div>Thanks a lot, this message of yours is important for my research into verbal allative markers in Old Babylonian Akkadian!</div><div><br></div><div>Is <i>translational motion </i>same as translocation motion?<br></div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Sergey</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, 6 Jun 2022 at 18:56, Guillaume Jacques <<a href="mailto:rgyalrongskad@gmail.com" target="_blank">rgyalrongskad@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I think that any definition of a motion verb should take into account the concept of <i>associated motion</i>, about which a collective book edited by Harold Koch and Antoine Guillaume was published last year.
A. Guillaume's (2016) definition of AM is the following: "An AM marker is a grammatical morpheme that is associated with the verb and that has among its possible functions the coding of translational motion." The notion of <i>translational motion</i> seems to me useful to define motion verbs too (as opposed to motion involving part of the body, for instance). <div><br></div><div>In addition, a non-motion verb taking an associated motion marker is turned into a motion verb, so that languages with grammaticalized AM have an open class of motion verbs. <br><div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Reference</div><div>Guillaume, Antoine 2016 Associated motion in South America: Typological and areal perspectives. Linguistic Typology, De Gruyter, 2016, 20 (1), ⟨10.1515/lingty-2016-0003⟩. ⟨halshs-01918336⟩</div></div><div>Guillaume, Antoine and Harold Koch 2021. Associated Motion. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.<br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Le lun. 6 juin 2022 à 16:36, Juergen Bohnemeyer <<a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" target="_blank">jb77@buffalo.edu</a>> a écrit :<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear Sergey — Interesting question! I don’t think there’s anything in the grammar of most languages that corresponds to or expresses the concept of ‘motion.’ <br>
<br>
The various subclasses of motion verbs can be defined on semantic grounds: path verbs entail change of location; manner verbs describe activities of agents/effectors that can cause change of location or describe change of orientation in those same agents/effectors; transport verbs are either causative path verbs or locate an object on a carrier (‘carry on back’, ‘carry on hip’, etc.), and so on. <br>
<br>
But there’s no overarching definition that would encompass all those subclasses, but no events that don’t involve motion. So a definition such as ’The class of all verbs of a given language that is used to describe exclusively motion events’ can at best be met disjunctively and thus doesn’t define the most “natural” concept. <br>
<br>
The supposedly primitive concept ‘motion’ apparently just isn’t. <br>
<br>
An important reference on the typology of motion verbs is Wälchli (2009). <br>
<br>
HTH! — Juergen<br>
<br>
Wälchli, B. (2009). Motion events in parallel texts: A study in primary-data typology. Habilitation thesis, University of Bern.<br>
<br>
<br>
> On Jun 6, 2022, at 9:50 AM, Sergey Loesov <<a href="mailto:sergeloesov@gmail.com" target="_blank">sergeloesov@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
> <br>
> Dear colleagues,<br>
> <br>
> How do we properly define the concept “motion verb”? I am especially interested in the telic variety, both transitive and intransitive ones.<br>
> <br>
> Best wishes,<br>
> <br>
> <br>
> Sergey <br>
> <br>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Guillaume Jacques</div><div><br></div><div>Directeur de recherches<br>CNRS (CRLAO) - EPHE- INALCO <br></div><div><a href="https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr" target="_blank">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr</a><br></div><div><a href="http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques" target="_blank">https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295</a></div><div><div><a href="http://panchr.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://panchr.hypotheses.org/</a></div></div></div></div>
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