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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Sergey, dear all,<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In Indonesian, the most common way of marking
an "if/when
clause", in the future or otherwise, is by means of the marker <i>kalo</i>,
as in (1).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(Etymologically,
<i>kalo</i>
is derived from the combination of original Malay <i>jika</i>
'if' plus Arabic loan
<i>lau</i> 'if'.)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(1) Kalo tambah daun kunyit enak</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">KALO add leaf turmeric tasty</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">'If/when you add/added turmeric leaf it will be
/ was tasty'</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, like all function words in the
language, <i>kalo</i>
does not discriminate between parts of speech; it can apply
equally readily to expressions
denoting events, activities, properties, things, whatever.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Thus, sentence (2) is equally
natural:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(2) Kalo daun kunyit enak</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">KALO leaf turmeric tasty</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">'As for turmeric leaf, it's tasty'</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As suggested by the English translation 'as
for', <i>kalo</i>
in (2) seems to be marking a (usually newly introduced) topic.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This in turn suggests that
the
"if/when" usages of <i>kalo</i>, as in (1), are also more
appropriately analyzable as involving a topic marker, with a more
perspicuous
translation of (1) being along the lines of 'As for adding
turmeric leaf, that
will be / was tasty'.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">David</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
<p>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/06/2022 16:59, Sergey Loesov
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAPsdrae02+33cQHX2YQk6TQ7TPbgNz=aMPiFFfksEukZFGaAvg@mail.gmail.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<div dir="ltr">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in
8pt;line-height:15.6933px;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dear
colleagues,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in
8pt;line-height:15.6933px;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In
Babylonian Akkadian corpora of the 1<sup>st</sup> millennium
BC the conjununction <i>kī</i> is claimed to mean both ‘if’
and ‘when’ in the future-time clauses. Some people believe
that clause-initial <i>kī</i> is ‘if’, while <i>kī</i> as a
preverb is ‘when’. The evidence does not always confirm this
claim. One immediately thinks about the German <i>wenn</i>,
which is assumed to say both ‘if’ and ‘when’ in the future.
What shall we make of it? Is it possible that language does
not oppose a future condition and a future temporal clause?
If yes, how come?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in
8pt;line-height:15.6933px;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Best,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in
8pt;line-height:15.6933px;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sergey
</span></p>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
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