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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">is anybody aware of work done to compare tense-aspect grams across languages with respect to (i) their stability in time and to (ii) their “fuzziness” in terms of range of functions? I’m particularly interested in a comparison
between constructions considered as perfects vs those considered as futures. Both have been considered as rather unstable (in comparison at least to present tense), but have these “instabilities” been compared for a representative sample of grams belonging
to the perfect or, respectively, to the future domain among each other? And has instability be captured in objectifiable (cross-linguistically testable) properties?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> For instance, Lindstedt (2000: 366), in his contribution to the EuroTyp volume on tense-aspect, wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">“In terms of Greenberg’s (1978: 75-76) distinction between the stability and frequency of typological features, the perfect is a gram type that is
frequent, that is to say, likely to appear in different languages, but unstable, as it often tends to be lost. More often than not, it does not disappear as a form but becomes something else – a general past tense, for instance.”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Would there be a measure for stability (for particular grams, constructions) and frequency (across languages) that would allow for a more straightforward comparison between grams/constructions, in particular between perfects
and futures?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> And, by the way, have futures been attested to become anything else, or do they just disappear (if they don’t stay)? Of course, we know of epistemic uses (e.g., Engl.
<i>Paul will be in Heidelberg now.</i> = Certainly, Paul is in H. now; [pointing at an object before themselves]
<i>What is this going to be? </i>= What might this be?]. However, the question is whether, actually, these uses do not precede proper future uses (i.e. reference to a single event after speech time) in the chronology of functions assigned to some gram/construction.
What is known about this chronological relation?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I would appreciate comments on this, and can compose a small digest of responses (if there will be many).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Björn (Wiemer).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">-------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE"><img width="32" height="21" id="Bild_x0020_1" src="cid:image004.png@01D8A9B7.C37F0360" alt="obraz.png"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Björn Wiemer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Professor für slavistische Sprachwissenschaft<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Institut für Slavistik, Turkologie und zirkumbaltische Studien (ISTziB), Abt. Slavistik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Jakob-Welder-Weg 18<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">D- 55099 Mainz<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Tel. +49/ 6131/ 39 -22186<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Fax +49/ 6131/ 39 -24709<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE">Sekr. +49/ 6131/ 39 -22807 (Fr. Fotteler)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE"><a href="mailto:wiemerb@uni-mainz.de"><span style="color:#0563C1">wiemerb@uni-mainz.de</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE"><a href="https://www.slavistik.uni-mainz.de/univ-prof-bjoern-wiemer/"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://www.slavistik.uni-mainz.de/univ-prof-bjoern-wiemer/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:DE"><a href="https://uni-mainz.academia.edu/Bj%C3%B6rnWiemer"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://uni-mainz.academia.edu/Bj%C3%B6rnWiemer</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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