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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Dear friends,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">the Italian adverb<i> ora</i> “now” means both “quite recently in the past” and “shortly”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Ne abbiamo parlato ora<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We talked about it an instant ago<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Ne parleremo ora<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We shall talk about it in a moment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Raffaele<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">==============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Hon C Lund University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Accademico (corrispondente) della Crusca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Prix de l'Institut de France-Fondation Bonnefous 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">===============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications
<a href="http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Da:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>Per conto di </b>David Gil<br>
<b>Inviato:</b> venerdì 2 dicembre 2022 20:07<br>
<b>A:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Oggetto:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Non-present lexemes<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Dear all,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>In English, 'this evening', uttered at around 3 or 4 am, can, with a bit of effort, be understood as referring to either the previous evening or the following evening, depending on context, but not to the present time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>In Hebrew, a similar but less marginal (ie. much more common) pattern is evident with
<i>halayla</i> (DEF:night), which, when uttered during daytime, can refer to either the preceding night ('last night') or the following night ('tonight'), but obviously not to the present.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>The generalization seems to be that English <i>this </i>/ Hebrew <i>ha=</i> plus part-of-day expression refers to the nearest appropriate part of day to the time of speech, with no inherent specification of relative (past, present or future) time. (With
an added complication for English, which, instead of <i>#this night</i>, has either
<i>last night</i> or <i>tonight </i>for past and future respectively.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>David<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>David Gil<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Senior Scientist (Associate)<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
<pre>Email: <a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-082113720302<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p> </o:p></pre>
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