<div dir="ltr">Dear Christian,<div><br></div><div>Japhug has an exclamative word <i>dɯxpa</i> 'poor XXX', of nominal origin, but which, exceptionally, became able to index the number and person of the noun phrase it follows like a verb (however, only first and third person, not second person; besides, it cannot take any TAME marker). See <a href="https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295">Jacques (2021:610-611)</a>, as in (1).</div><div><br></div><div>(1) wo a-rɟit ra dɯxpa-nɯ ma nɯ ɯ-xtu ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu ɣɤʑu-nɯ rca</div><div>1sg.poss-child pl poor-pl lnk dem 3sg.poss-belly 3sg.poss-inside dem:loc exist:sens-pl sfp</div><div><pre style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">My poor children, they are in his [the wolf's] belly<br></pre></div><div><br></div><div>Guillaume</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Le jeu. 12 janv. 2023 à 11:10, Christian Döhler <<a href="mailto:christian.doehler@posteo.de">christian.doehler@posteo.de</a>> a écrit :<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
Dear colleagues,<br>
<br>
I am looking for publications that address the difference between
(1) and (2). In (2), the English adjective <i>poor</i> is used to
signal the speaker's sympathy or affection towards the dog.<br>
<ol>
<li><i>The dog is waiting for its owner.</i></li>
<li><i>The poor dog is waiting for its owner.</i></li>
</ol>
While English (and my native German) does this by extending the
meaning of the adjective <i>poor </i>(and <i>arm</i> in German),
other languages have special words with only that meaning. For
example, Komnzo <i>bana </i>is a postposed adjective that only
conveys sympathy. <br>
<br>
<i> ni bananzo namnzr karen.</i><br>
<i> </i>ni bana=nzo na\m/nzr
kar=en<br>
1NSG SYMP=only 1PL:NPST:IPFV/stay village=LOC<br>
'Only we poor guys stay behind in the village' (subtext: 'while
the others are going to the celebration in the neighbouring
village')<br>
(NSG = non-singular, SYMP = sympathy marker, NPST = nonpast)<br>
<br>
Yet other languages seem to have special verb morphology for this.
Van Tongeren describes this for Suki (her PhD grammar will probably
be available later this year).<br>
<br>
Pointers to more examples and publications of this are most welcome.
I was googling this with keywords like "sympathy", "empathy",
"affection", but with not much luck. So there might be a whole
literature on this phenomenon under different terminology. If that's
the case, then please excuse my ignorance.<i><br>
</i><br>
Very Best,<br>
Christian<br>
<br>
<pre cols="72">--
Dr. Christian Döhler
Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)
Schützenstraße 18
10117 Berlin
Raum: 445
Tel.: +49 30 20192 412
<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920" target="_blank">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920</a>
</pre>
</div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>Guillaume Jacques</div><div><br></div><div>Directeur de recherches<br>CNRS (CRLAO) - EPHE- INALCO <br></div><div><a href="https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr" target="_blank">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr</a><br></div><div><a href="http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques" target="_blank">https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295</a></div><div><div><a href="http://panchr.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://panchr.hypotheses.org/</a></div></div></div></div>