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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-GB link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Dear Christian,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>in addition to having numerous diminutive and augmentative morphemes, the Lamunkhin dialect of Even has 2 verbal suffixes that express compassion and/or endearment. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>See section 2.2.3 in Pakendorf (2017), Lamunkhin Even evaluative morphology in cross-linguistic comparison,<i> Morphology</i> 27:123–158 which you can find here:</span><span style='font-family:"Doulos SIL"'> </span><a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01960459v1"><span style='font-family:"Doulos SIL"'>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01960459v1</span></a>. (If there’s a glitch with the link, let me know and I’ll send you the pdf-file.)<span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>Brigitte<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>*******************************</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>Brigitte PAKENDORF</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>Directrice de recherche / Senior scientist</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>Dynamique Du Langage<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR><a href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/pakendorf">http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/pakendorf</a></span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>CNRS & Université Lumière Lyon 2</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>14 avenue Berthelot</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>69007 Lyon<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR>FRANCE</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Christian Döhler<br><b>Sent:</b> 12 January 2023 11:10<br><b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br><b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Affectionate or sympathy marking<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Dear colleagues,<br><br>I am looking for publications that address the difference between (1) and (2). In (2), the English adjective <i>poor</i> is used to signal the speaker's sympathy or affection towards the dog.<o:p></o:p></p><ol start=1 type=1><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><i>The dog is waiting for its owner.</i><o:p></o:p></li><li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><i>The poor dog is waiting for its owner.</i><o:p></o:p></li></ol><p class=MsoNormal>While English (and my native German) does this by extending the meaning of the adjective <i>poor </i>(and <i>arm</i> in German), other languages have special words with only that meaning. For example, Komnzo <i>bana </i>is a postposed adjective that only conveys sympathy. <br><br><i> ni bananzo namnzr karen.</i><br><i> </i>ni bana=nzo na\m/nzr kar=en<br> 1NSG SYMP=only 1PL:NPST:IPFV/stay village=LOC<br> 'Only we poor guys stay behind in the village' (subtext: 'while the others are going to the celebration in the neighbouring village')<br> (NSG = non-singular, SYMP = sympathy marker, NPST = nonpast)<br><br>Yet other languages seem to have special verb morphology for this. Van Tongeren describes this for Suki (her PhD grammar will probably be available later this year).<br><br>Pointers to more examples and publications of this are most welcome. I was googling this with keywords like "sympathy", "empathy", "affection", but with not much luck. So there might be a whole literature on this phenomenon under different terminology. If that's the case, then please excuse my ignorance.<i><br></i><br>Very Best,<br>Christian<br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Dr. Christian Döhler<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Schützenstraße 18<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>10117 Berlin<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Raum: 445<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Tel.: +49 30 20192 412<o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920</a><o:p></o:p></pre></div></body></html>