<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Christian, dear all,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">within Uralic, North Mansi (see e.g. Bakró-Nagy & al. 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0029" class="">https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0029</a> ) can use the diminutive suffixes -kwe and -riś, the latter "with a shade of pity", not only in denominal diminutives but also in verbal conjugation:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">ɑkweːkw, wɑːɣ-tɑːl pɑt-əm-ris'-ən</div><div class="">grandmother strength-CAR become-MIR.PST-DIM-2SG</div><div class="">‘Grandmother, poor you became tired!’</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">This is sometimes called the "precative conjugation".</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">As for Finnic, there seems to be (again) a nice areal/contact-related pattern. Finnish has "one-trick pony" nominals equivalent to Danish stakkels or Swedish stackars, usually postponed and forming a compound-like phrase: poikaparka ~ poika parka (/ rukka / ressu / raasu / riepu) ‘poor boy’ ["boy(-)poor.thing"]. Estonian, again, patterns with German and uses the general adjective vaene ‘poor (having little property)’ also in this attitudinal function of pitying.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(A similar pattern occurs with the use of diminutives in Estonian and Finnish: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/94842951/Derivation_morphopragmatics_and_language_contact_On_the_role_of_German_influence_in_Estonian_word_formation" class="">https://www.academia.edu/94842951/Derivation_morphopragmatics_and_language_contact_On_the_role_of_German_influence_in_Estonian_word_formation</a> .)</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Best</div><div class="">Johanna</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">PS. Etymological fun fact: Finnish parka ‘poor thing’ might be cognate with the Nenets word for overcoat or jacket which, in turn, has spread throughout Arctic Eurasia and (via Russian and Aleut?) to English and other Western languages.<br class=""><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">--</div><div class="">Univ.Prof. Dr. Johanna Laakso</div><div class="">Universität Wien, Institut für Europäische und Vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft (EVSL)</div><div class="">Abteilung Finno-Ugristik</div><div class="">Campus AAKH Spitalgasse 2-4 Hof 7</div><div class="">A-1090 Wien</div><div class=""><a href="mailto:johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at" class="">johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at</a> • <a href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/" class="">http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/</a></div><div class="">Project ELDIA: <a href="http://www.eldia-project.org/" class="">http://www.eldia-project.org/</a> </div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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<div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">Christian Döhler <<a href="mailto:christian.doehler@posteo.de" class="">christian.doehler@posteo.de</a>> kirjoitti 12.01.2023 kello 11.10:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" class="">
<div class="">
Dear colleagues,<br class="">
<br class="">
I am looking for publications that address the difference between
(1) and (2). In (2), the English adjective <i class="">poor</i> is used to
signal the speaker's sympathy or affection towards the dog.<br class="">
<ol class="">
<li class=""><i class="">The dog is waiting for its owner.</i></li>
<li class=""><i class="">The poor dog is waiting for its owner.</i></li>
</ol>
While English (and my native German) does this by extending the
meaning of the adjective <i class="">poor </i>(and <i class="">arm</i> in German),
other languages have special words with only that meaning. For
example, Komnzo <i class="">bana </i>is a postposed adjective that only
conveys sympathy. <br class="">
<br class="">
<i class=""> ni bananzo namnzr karen.</i><br class="">
<i class=""> </i>ni bana=nzo na\m/nzr
kar=en<br class="">
1NSG SYMP=only 1PL:NPST:IPFV/stay village=LOC<br class="">
'Only we poor guys stay behind in the village' (subtext: 'while
the others are going to the celebration in the neighbouring
village')<br class="">
(NSG = non-singular, SYMP = sympathy marker, NPST = nonpast)<br class="">
<br class="">
Yet other languages seem to have special verb morphology for this.
Van Tongeren describes this for Suki (her PhD grammar will probably
be available later this year).<br class="">
<br class="">
Pointers to more examples and publications of this are most welcome.
I was googling this with keywords like "sympathy", "empathy",
"affection", but with not much luck. So there might be a whole
literature on this phenomenon under different terminology. If that's
the case, then please excuse my ignorance.<i class=""><br class="">
</i><br class="">
Very Best,<br class="">
Christian<br class="">
<br class="">
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Dr. Christian Döhler
Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)
Schützenstraße 18
10117 Berlin
Raum: 445
Tel.: +49 30 20192 412
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920</a>
</pre>
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