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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Well, this is extremely interesting, thanks everyone! Äiwoo (Oceanic) has a form which I've not got around to thinking about much, but which clearly has this kind of function. It's
person-marked, so it's technically either a verb or a directly possessed noun, I guess, though I’m not sure from my limited examples how best to categorise it. When directed at someone, it always (although my examples are few) seems to take 1+2MIN ('you and
I') marking, and was variously translated by my consultant as either 'my dear' or 'poor you', so indicating either affection or sympathy: gonyibe-ji, where -ji is the 1+2MIN suffix. Then there are some 3MIN and 3AUG forms: gonyibä 'poor man/woman', gonyibäi
'poor people', and a single example with 1+2AUG marking gonyibe-de which was translated as 'we're very sorry' (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">in the context of a narrative involving a young child dying)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">.
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">It also seems to be possible to use it as a general exclamation: gonyibee (for which I’m not sure of the morphological structure) was translated as ‘Oh my goodness’. No clues whatsoever as to the
etymology …<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Something to think more about, thanks for drawing my attention to this!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><br>
Åshild</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Fra:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>På vegne av </b>Guillaume Jacques<br>
<b>Sendt:</b> søndag 15. januar 2023 17:58<br>
<b>Til:</b> Maia Ponsonnet <maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au><br>
<b>Kopi:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Emne:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Affectionate or sympathy marking<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Christian et al,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Another example: the Sepik language Awtuw has a suffix -yaen which Feldman (1986:66) calls "emotive", and which is used "when the speaker wants to elicit sympathy for the referent of the suffixed pronoun".<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Guillaume<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Le dim. 15 janv. 2023 à 09:08, Maia Ponsonnet <<a href="mailto:maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au">maia.ponsonnet@uwa.edu.au</a>> a écrit :<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Christian, and others, <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Thank you so much for prompting this thread, and thanks for all the answers - very relevant to me too! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">I ended up archiving the contents (I obviously won't use them without explicit authorization). I've attached what I retrieved in case this is helpful. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Since the thread hinted at the link between interjections and evaluative morphology, and has mentioned Australian languages, I'm attaching two more publications: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:2.0pt;margin-left:39.7pt;line-height:130%">
<span lang="EN-AU" style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:130%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Ponsonnet, Maïa. In press. Interjections,
<i>in</i> Bowern,C. <i>ed.</i>, <i>Oxford Guide to Australian languages</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">(Section 5 on expressive interjections has something on compassion. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<a name="m_1961258321342953372_x_x__Hlk990030"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Ponsonnet, Maïa. 2018. Do linguistic properties influence expressive potential? The case of two Australian
diminutives (Gunwinyguan family). <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i> 60(2):157-190.</span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:m_1961258321342953372_x_x__Hlk990030"></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">(Which compares the Dalabon diminutive clitic <i>=wurd
</i>with the Rembarrnga diminutive suffix / interjection <i>(-)kanja(ng)h</i>. The morphonological status of the items is is focus.)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">And you can also look at references to compassionate interjections in Dalabon in Ponsonnet 2014 and and in Kriol in Ponsonnet 2020 here: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://ln5.sync.com/dl/ed922c5e0/rbvug5qx-yfzrs8sv-ubkem6ht-376fbymz" target="_blank">https://ln5.sync.com/dl/ed922c5e0/rbvug5qx-yfzrs8sv-ubkem6ht-376fbymz</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://ln5.sync.com/dl/628f40500/q7gtm7h8-j5iyinad-auufj8pk-3ivmjbrc" target="_blank">https://ln5.sync.com/dl/628f40500/q7gtm7h8-j5iyinad-auufj8pk-3ivmjbrc</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Sorry to inundate you with publications, but please do not hesitate to ask specific questions - this is very close to my own interests. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Cheers and kind regards to you and every one, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Maïa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Maïa Ponsonnet</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Chargée de Recherche HDR @ CNRS Dynamique Du Langage</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">14, avenue Berthelot, 69007 Lyon, FRANCE -- +33 4 72 72 65 46</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Adjunct @ University of Western Australia</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">+ + + + +</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Co-rédactrice en chef du <i>Journal de la Société des Océanistes</i></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://journals.openedition.org/jso/" target="_blank">https://journals.openedition.org/jso/</a></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">De :</span></b><span style="color:black"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> de la part de Christian Döhler <<a href="mailto:christian.doehler@posteo.de" target="_blank">christian.doehler@posteo.de</a>><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> jeudi 12 janvier 2023 11:10<br>
<b>À :</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] Affectionate or sympathy marking</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">Dear colleagues,<br>
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I am looking for publications that address the difference between (1) and (2). In (2), the English adjective
<i>poor</i> is used to signal the speaker's sympathy or affection towards the dog.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<i><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif">The dog is waiting for its owner.</span></i><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<i><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif">The poor dog is waiting for its owner.</span></i><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif">
<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;color:black">While English (and my native German) does this by extending the meaning of the adjective
<i>poor </i>(and <i>arm</i> in German), other languages have special words with only that meaning. For example, Komnzo
<i>bana </i>is a postposed adjective that only conveys sympathy. <br>
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<i> ni bananzo namnzr karen.</i><br>
<i> </i>ni bana=nzo na\m/nzr kar=en<br>
1NSG SYMP=only 1PL:NPST:IPFV/stay village=LOC<br>
'Only we poor guys stay behind in the village' (subtext: 'while the others are going to the celebration in the neighbouring village')<br>
(NSG = non-singular, SYMP = sympathy marker, NPST = nonpast)<br>
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Yet other languages seem to have special verb morphology for this. Van Tongeren describes this for Suki (her PhD grammar will probably be available later this year).<br>
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Pointers to more examples and publications of this are most welcome. I was googling this with keywords like "sympathy", "empathy", "affection", but with not much luck. So there might be a whole literature on this phenomenon under different terminology. If that's
the case, then please excuse my ignorance.<i><br>
</i><br>
Very Best,<br>
Christian<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre><span style="color:black">-- <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">Dr. Christian Döhler<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS)<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">Schützenstraße 18<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">10117 Berlin<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">Raum: 445<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">Tel.: +49 30 20192 412<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920" target="_blank">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-5920</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<p class="MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
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<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Guillaume Jacques<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Directeur de recherches<br>
CNRS (CRLAO) - EPHE- INALCO <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr" target="_blank">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=1XCp2-oAAAAJ&hl=fr</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques" target="_blank">https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/295</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://panchr.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://panchr.hypotheses.org/</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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