<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Dear Maïa,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Mwotlap (Oceanic, north Vanuatu) has four interjections for expressing pain: </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li><b>awē</b> [a'wɪ] </li><li><b>awō</b> [a'wʊ]</li><li><b>awuu </b> [a'wu:] </li><li><b>lageh</b> [la'ɣɛh]</li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">The first three <i>awē</i>
<i>– </i><i>awō – awuu</i> are similar in their forms and properties:<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li>they occur either alone, or utterance-initially</li><li>they can be intensified either by lengthening their final vowel (→
<i>awēēē</i>
~ <i>awōōō</i>
~ <i>awuuu</i>) <br>or by adding an intensifying /h/ (→ <i>awēh ! ~ awōh !</i>)<br></li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">The fourth one <i>lageh</i> is a bit different, being utterance-final ; it cannot be lengthened.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">That said, these interjections share similar semantics: they all colexify <b>pain</b> (including violent pain) together with different forms of <b>strong emotions</b>:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li>intense surprise – including pleasant surprise (“Wow, great!” “Unbelievable!”)</li><li>annoyance</li><li>intense sadness – (as in mourning)</li><li>hilarity – (as in laughing hard)</li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">I just created these dictionary entries for you today, with examples from my corpus <font size="1"> (including a couple with audio links)</font>: </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li><b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94aw%C4%93" target="_blank">awē</a> —</b> <b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94aw%C5%8D" target="_blank">awō</a> — <a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94awuu" target="_blank">awuu</a> —</b> <b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/l.htm#%E2%93%94lageh" target="_blank">lageh</a> </b></li><li>the combination <i><b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94aw%C5%8D%E2%93%A22%E2%93%9Daw%C5%8D%20lageh" target="_blank">awō lageh</a></b>!</i><b> </b>is also common, with the same array of meanings. </li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Finally, I also wrote the entries for <i><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/k.htm#%E2%93%94k%C4%93h" target="_blank">kēh</a></i> ~ <i><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/%C4%93.htm#%E2%93%94%C4%93k%C4%93h" target="_blank">ēkēh</a></i>, but these are apparently used to express disappointment or sadness (“alas!”) rather than pain. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">best<br></div><div><div dir="ltr" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font size="2">Alex</font></span><hr style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:13.33px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" width="70" size="1" noshade align="left"><p style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(69,129,142)">Alex François</span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></font></p><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">LaTTiCe</a> — <a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CNRS–</a><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" rel="noopener" target="_blank">ENS</a>–<a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Sorbonne nouvelle</a><br></span><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Australian National University</a></font><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br></span></font></span></font></span><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Personal homepage</a><br></span></font></span></div><div><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___</font><br><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span></div></div></div></div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">PONSONNET Maia</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:maia.ponsonnet@cnrs.fr" target="_blank">maia.ponsonnet@cnrs.fr</a>></span><br>Date: Wed, 18 Jan 2023 at 05:13<br>Subject: [Lingtyp] pain interjections<br>To: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><br><br><div>
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<span style="font-size:11pt">Dear all, </span><br>
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<p>I am starting a study on pain interjections and the phonetic material they are made of. </p>
<p>Before I begin excavating individual lexical resources, I thought I'd put a request to the list. </p>
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</p>
<p>Would you be able to share the forms of pain interjection(s) in the languages you know?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>All I need is the form, with its <b>phonetic transcription </b>and any <b>prosodic information</b>; as well as its <b>semantic scope </b>(is it just pain or does it also express other experiences eg surprise, fear...?). If you can flag a published source
where the interjection is documented this is ideal. </p>
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</p>
<p>Also, if you can point to references containing lists of interjections (eg grammars), this will be extremely useful too.</p>
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<p>Many many thanks for your contributions, it is wonderful to be able to rely on such a knowledgeable and generous community. </p>
<p>With kind regards, </p>
<p>Maïa</p>
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<p style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light","Helvetica Light",sans-serif;font-size:8pt">Maïa Ponsonnet</span></p>
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