<div dir="ltr">Yahgan, a genetic isolate from Tierra del Fuego, whose last fluent speaker passed recently, had a great number of interjections. While I'm not familiar with all of them, there was at least one, with the shape vkka: (v schwa, colon marks tenseness of the vowel preceding it, and stress on both syllables (signified by doubled consonants as the generally convention), which refers to 'great suffering'. I'm scanning the dictionary, and if I find more I'll post them here.<div><br></div><div>Jess Tauber</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 18, 2023 at 1:32 PM Alex Francois <<a href="mailto:alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com">alex.francois.cnrs@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Dear Maïa,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Mwotlap (Oceanic, north Vanuatu) has four interjections for expressing pain: </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li><b>awē</b> [a'wɪ] </li><li><b>awō</b> [a'wʊ]</li><li><b>awuu </b> [a'wu:] </li><li><b>lageh</b> [la'ɣɛh]</li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">The first three <i>awē</i>
<i>– </i><i>awō – awuu</i> are similar in their forms and properties:<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li>they occur either alone, or utterance-initially</li><li>they can be intensified either by lengthening their final vowel (→
<i>awēēē</i>
~ <i>awōōō</i>
~ <i>awuuu</i>) <br>or by adding an intensifying /h/ (→ <i>awēh ! ~ awōh !</i>)<br></li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">The fourth one <i>lageh</i> is a bit different, being utterance-final ; it cannot be lengthened.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">That said, these interjections share similar semantics: they all colexify <b>pain</b> (including violent pain) together with different forms of <b>strong emotions</b>:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li>intense surprise – including pleasant surprise (“Wow, great!” “Unbelievable!”)</li><li>annoyance</li><li>intense sadness – (as in mourning)</li><li>hilarity – (as in laughing hard)</li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">I just created these dictionary entries for you today, with examples from my corpus <font size="1"> (including a couple with audio links)</font>: </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><ul><li><b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94aw%C4%93" target="_blank">awē</a> —</b> <b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94aw%C5%8D" target="_blank">awō</a> — <a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94awuu" target="_blank">awuu</a> —</b> <b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/l.htm#%E2%93%94lageh" target="_blank">lageh</a> </b></li><li>the combination <i><b><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/a.htm#%E2%93%94aw%C5%8D%E2%93%A22%E2%93%9Daw%C5%8D%20lageh" target="_blank">awō lageh</a></b>!</i><b> </b>is also common, with the same array of meanings. </li></ul></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">Finally, I also wrote the entries for <i><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/k.htm#%E2%93%94k%C4%93h" target="_blank">kēh</a></i> ~ <i><a href="https://marama.huma-num.fr/Lex/Mwotlap/%C4%93.htm#%E2%93%94%C4%93k%C4%93h" target="_blank">ēkēh</a></i>, but these are apparently used to express disappointment or sadness (“alas!”) rather than pain. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">best<br></div><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"><font size="2">Alex</font></span><hr style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:13.33px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" width="70" size="1" noshade align="left"><p style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(69,129,142)">Alex François</span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></span></font></p><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="text-decoration:none" href="http://www.lattice.cnrs.fr/en/alexandre-francois/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">LaTTiCe</a> — <a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CNRS–</a><a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://www.ens.fr/laboratoire/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-et-cognition-umr-8094" rel="noopener" target="_blank">ENS</a>–<a title="ENS" style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://www.univ-paris3.fr/lattice-langues-textes-traitements-informatiques-cognition-umr-8094-3458.kjsp" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Sorbonne nouvelle</a><br></span><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/francois-a" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Australian National University</a></font><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><br></span></font></span></font></span><div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span><span style="text-decoration:none"><a style="color:rgb(51,102,204);text-decoration:none" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Personal homepage</a><br></span></font></span></div><div><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___________________</font><font size="1">___</font><br><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="1"><span style="text-decoration:none"></span></font></span></div></div></div></div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">PONSONNET Maia</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:maia.ponsonnet@cnrs.fr" target="_blank">maia.ponsonnet@cnrs.fr</a>></span><br>Date: Wed, 18 Jan 2023 at 05:13<br>Subject: [Lingtyp] pain interjections<br>To: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br></div><br><br><div>
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<span style="font-size:11pt">Dear all, </span><br>
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<p>I am starting a study on pain interjections and the phonetic material they are made of. </p>
<p>Before I begin excavating individual lexical resources, I thought I'd put a request to the list. </p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Would you be able to share the forms of pain interjection(s) in the languages you know?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>All I need is the form, with its <b>phonetic transcription </b>and any <b>prosodic information</b>; as well as its <b>semantic scope </b>(is it just pain or does it also express other experiences eg surprise, fear...?). If you can flag a published source
where the interjection is documented this is ideal. </p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Also, if you can point to references containing lists of interjections (eg grammars), this will be extremely useful too.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Many many thanks for your contributions, it is wonderful to be able to rely on such a knowledgeable and generous community. </p>
<p>With kind regards, </p>
<p>Maïa</p>
<p> </p>
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<p style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri Light","Helvetica Light",sans-serif;font-size:8pt">Maïa Ponsonnet</span></p>
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