<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Courier;
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Doulos SIL";
panose-1:2 0 5 0 7 0 0 2 0 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Consolas;
panose-1:2 11 6 9 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
address
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Address Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
font-style:italic;}
pre
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";}
p.xmsoplaintext, li.xmsoplaintext, div.xmsoplaintext
{mso-style-name:x_msoplaintext;
margin:0in;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
span.xcontentpasted0
{mso-style-name:x_contentpasted0;}
span.HTMLAddressChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Address Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Address";
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
font-style:italic;}
span.HTMLPreformattedChar
{mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
font-family:Consolas;}
p.xxmsonormal, li.xxmsonormal, div.xxmsonormal
{mso-style-name:x_x_msonormal;
margin:0in;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
span.EmailStyle31
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear all – Fun topic! I can’t offer a song per se, but the collection of Yucatec folktales by Smailus (1975) contains the story
<i>Cinco cacao</i> recorded with Anastasio Pech in San Víctor, Belize, which is organized like a cumulative song. An elderly lady has five cacaos stolen by a mouse/rat, so she sends the cat to catch the rodent, but the cat takes off, so she sends the dog after
the cat etc. etc. I don’t have a text file, but I’m attaching a PDF. If anybody recognizes this as a translation or rendition of some other text, I’d love to know.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cheers – Juergen<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Smailus, O. (1975). Textos mayas de Belice y Quintana Roo. Berlin: Gebr. Mann.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span style="color:black">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="RU"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="RU"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Florian Lionnet <flionnet@princeton.edu><br>
<b>Date: </b>Sunday, February 12, 2023 at 2:24 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>Zygmunt Frajzyngier <zygmunt.frajzyngier@colorado.edu>, Claire Bowern <clairebowern@gmail.com>, Johanna Mattissen <Johanna.Mattissen@uni-koeln.de><br>
<b>Cc: </b>lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] query: cumulative songs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">PS: I just noticed an inconsistency in the glosses of the Laal song. Mid-toned transitive verbs are realized with a L tone when they are followed by their object. This
is sometimes not explicitly shown in the glosses (<b>sè</b> 'kill:TR') and sometimes explicitly analyzed as involving a floating L tone (<b>sē-B</b> 'kill-TR'; 'B' for French "bas' = low). (My most recent analysis does not involve a floating L tone anymore,
cf. my forthcoming paper on the tonology of Laal if interested: <a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fling.auf.net%2Flingbuzz%2F006820&data=05%7C01%7Cjb77%40buffalo.edu%7Cb14acd8eb60d414f2b0008db0d2ebddf%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638118266778590265%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UZ37ZSGzI5IfKAcs4fOBNIfuUXmajdjQNiksFZh0Pts%3D&reserved=0">
https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/006820</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="Signature">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p>--<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Florian Lionnet</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Assistant Professor</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Director of Undergraduate Studies</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Program in Linguistics</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Princeton University</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">http://www.princeton.edu/~flionnet/</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</div>
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Florian Lionnet <flionnet@princeton.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, February 12, 2023 2:16 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Zygmunt Frajzyngier <zygmunt.frajzyngier@colorado.edu>; Claire Bowern <clairebowern@gmail.com>; Johanna Mattissen <Johanna.Mattissen@uni-koeln.de><br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] query: cumulative songs</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Dear David,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">There is a cumulative song in Laal (and neighboring languages in southern Chad: Boor, Ba, etc.), which is very similar to the Had Gadya you mention. I paste below the text
of the version sung by Nyindu Hyabalo and Assiam Kirga in Gori (Chad) on March 21, 2012 (it seems that they did not remember exactly how the song ends). The original recording and translation/annotation can be found in the Laal collection in the DOBES archive,
in open access (see ref. below). Glosses are in French, with a translation in French and English. I don't know what the origin of the song is, whether it is a local adaptation of a song orignally from elsewhere (and if so where), or even how long it's been
known in the region. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">As you will wee, it does not involve embedding. Laal does have relative clauses (and other forms of syntactic embedding), but none are used in the song.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">I hope this is of interest!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Florian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">[Reference: Nyindu Hyabalo, Assiam Kirga, Florian Lionnet, and Sandrine Loncke. 2012. Item
"GDM-Go_20120321_F_AK3-NH1_Contes1_1". In collection "Laal". The Language Archive.
<a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1839%2F693a668e-6087-45bf-b32f-c6a736f06ccb&data=05%7C01%7Cjb77%40buffalo.edu%7Cb14acd8eb60d414f2b0008db0d2ebddf%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638118266778590265%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=mIJYAZ4GMI9aJ%2Fq%2BSAW2CxBhTXCYjQ%2Bu8fK5yfRfdbQ%3D&reserved=0">
https://hdl.handle.net/1839/693a668e-6087-45bf-b32f-c6a736f06ccb</a>. (Accessed 2023-02-12).]</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">ŋguālāg ò pɨ́r tuààr ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">chat.sauvage 2SG.SBJ attraper poulet pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Chat sauvage, pourquoi as-tu attrapé la poule? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Wild cat, why did you catch the chicken? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">pɨ́r tuààr ní tuààr sə̀rí jāŋāl ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">attraper poulet et poulet picorer termite pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Attrapé la poule et pourquoi la poule a-t-elle picoré le termite? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Catch the chicken and why did the chicken peck the termite?
</span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">tuààr ò sə̀rí jāŋāl ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">poulet 2SG.SBJ picorer termite pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Poule, pourquoi as-tu picoré le termite? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Chicken, why did you peck the termite?</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sə̀rí jāŋāl ní jāŋāl pɨ́r ŋguán ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">picorer termite et termite attraper mortier
pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Picoré le termite, et Pourquoi le termite a-t-il ingesté (lit. pris) le mortier?</span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Peck the termite and why did the termite infest (lit. take) the mortar? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">jāŋāl ò pɨ́r ŋguán ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">termite 2SG.SBJ attraper mortier pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Termite, pourquoi as-tu infesté le mortier? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Termite, why did you infest the mortar? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">pɨ́r ŋguán ní ŋguán se</span></b></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">̀</span></b></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">
mèrɨ̀m ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">attraper mortier et mortier tuer:TR animal
pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Pris le mortier, et pourquoi le mortier a-t-il tué l'animal? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Infest the mortar and why did the mortar kill the animal?</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">ŋguán ò sē -B mèrɨ̀m ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">mortier 2SG.SBJ tuer:TR animal pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Mortier, pourquoi as-tu tué l'animal? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Mortar, why did you kill the animal? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sē -B mèrɨ̀m ní mèrɨ̀m sɨ̄r -B sū ɓə̀
yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">tuer:TR animal et animal boire:TR eau pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Tué l'animal, et pourquoi l'animal a bu l'eau? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Kill the animal and why did the animal drink the water? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">mèrɨ̀m ò sɨ̀r sū ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">animal 2SG.SBJ boire:TR eau pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Animal, pourquoi as-tu bu l'eau? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Animal, why did you drink the water? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">
</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sɨ̀r sū ní sū sè kū ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">boire:TR eau et eau tuer:TR feu pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Bu l'eau, et pourquoi l'eau a-t-elle éteint le feu? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Drink the water and why did the water extinghish the fire? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sū ò sè kū ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">eau 2SG.SBJ tuer:TR feu pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Eau, pourquoi as-tu éteint le feu? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Water, why did you extinghish the fire? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sè kū ní kū kàw nyōō ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">tuer:TR feu et feu brûler:TR herbe.PL pour
quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Eteint le feu et pourquoi le feu a-t-il brûlé l'herbe? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Extinghish the fire and why did the fire burn the grass? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">kū ò kàw nyōō ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">feu 2SG.SBJ brûler:TR herbe.PL pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Feu, pourquoi as-tu brûlé l'herbe? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Fire, why did you burn the grass? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">kàw nyōō ní nyōō túrá jàg ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">brûler:TR herbe.PL et herbe.PL perdre couteau.de.jet pour
quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Brûlé l'herbe et pourquoi l'herbe a-t-elle fait disapara</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">itre
</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">(lit. perdu) le couteau de jet? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Burn the grass and why did the grass make the throwing knife disappear (lit</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">.
why did you lose the throwing knife, </span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">i</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span lang="X-NONE" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">.e.
someone lost their throwing knife in the grass)</span></i></span><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">ò túrá jàg ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">2SG.SBJ perdre couteau.de.jet pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">[Herbe], pourquoi as-tu perdu le couteau de jet? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">[Grass], why did you make the throwing knife disappear? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">jàg ò jàr muǎŋ ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">couteau.de.jet 2SG.SBJ égorger personne.PL pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Couteau de jet, pourquoi as-tu égorgé les êtres humains? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Throwing knife, why did you slaughter people? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">jàr muǎŋ ní muǎŋ bān wáŋ ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">égorger personne.PL et personne.PL être.nombreux très(nombreux)
pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Egorgé les gens, et pourquoi les êtres humains sont-ils si nombreux? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Slaughter people and why are people so numerous? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">muǎŋ ùn bān muǎŋ ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">personne.PL 2PL.SBJ être.nombreux personne.PL pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Etres humains, pourquoi êtes-vous si nombreux? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">People, why are you so numerous? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">bān wáŋ ní mē sòònǔ ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">être.nombreux très(nombreux) et mort tuer:1PL.EX.OBJ
pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">vi ideo coord n vt -suf.v prep interr </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Si nombreux, et pourquoi la mort nous tue-t-elle? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">So numerous and why does death kill us? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">mē ò sòònǔ ɓə̀ yə́ </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">mort 2SG.SBJ tuer:1PL.EX.OBJ pour quoi </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Mort, pourquoi nous tues-tu? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Death, why do you kill us? </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sòònǔ ní muǎŋ... </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">tuer:1PL.EX.OBJ et personne.PL </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Nous tues, et les êtres humains... </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">Kill us and people… </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">bān wáŋ... </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">être.nombreux très(nombreux) </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">sont si nombreux... </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">are so numerous… </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">(...) jààná wúlá </span></b></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="text-indent:.5in;line-height:13.0pt;background:white">
<span class="xcontentpasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">origine:3N.SG.POSS se.terminer </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">C'est fini (lit. "son origine est terminée", c'est-à-dire le conte est terminé). </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsoplaintext" style="line-height:13.0pt;background:white"><span class="xcontentpasted0"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black">The end (lit. "its origin is finished", i.e. it’s the end of the tale.) </span></i></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Courier;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="x_Signature">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p>--<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Florian Lionnet</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Assistant Professor</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Director of Undergraduate Studies</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Program in Linguistics</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Princeton University</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">http://www.princeton.edu/~flionnet/</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center">
<hr size="0" width="100%" align="center">
</div>
<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Zygmunt Frajzyngier <zygmunt.frajzyngier@colorado.edu><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, February 12, 2023 12:21 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Claire Bowern <clairebowern@gmail.com>; Johanna Mattissen <Johanna.Mattissen@uni-koeln.de><br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] query: cumulative songs</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Thanks, Claire</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Zygmunt</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="xxmsonormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span>
</b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Claire Bowern <clairebowern@gmail.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Sunday, February 12, 2023 at 8:59 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>Johanna Mattissen <Johanna.Mattissen@uni-koeln.de><br>
<b>Cc: </b>"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] query: cumulative songs</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">A point of clarification seems needed. "Weird" societies refers to the notion that Joseph Henrich's popularized:
<b>W</b>estern, <b>E</b>ducated, <b>I</b>ndustrialized, <b>R</b>ich, <b>D</b>emocratic humans are overrepresented in psychological (and linguistic) studies but their cultures are not representative of the full range of human traits.<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Claire<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">On Sun, Feb 12, 2023 at 8:35 AM Johanna Mattissen <<a href="mailto:Johanna.Mattissen@uni-koeln.de">Johanna.Mattissen@uni-koeln.de</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Dear David,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">multiple embedding makes me think not of a song, but of bonmots which are intended as mockeries of the German Satzklammer.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">One is attributed to Wolf Schneider:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Denken Sie, wie schön der Krieger, der die Botschaft, die den Sieg, den die Athener bei Marathon, obwohl sie in der Minderheit waren, nach Athen, das in großer Sorge, ob es die Perser nicht zerstören würden,
schwebte, erfochten hatten, verkündete, brachte, starb!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Roughly (without the Satzklammer)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Just imagine, in which great way the warrior died who brought the message that announced the victory that Athens achieved at Marathon although they were in the minority, to Athens that was in great worries
that the Persians could destroy the city.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">The other one (unknown source) is: <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><span style="font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Der Grenzpfahl, der bei der Gemeinde, in der das Gefängnis, in dem seit gestern der gesuchte Einbrecher sitzt, liegt, steht, ist umgefallen.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Helvetica;color:black">The boundary marker has fallen over that is near the town where the prison is in which the wanted burglar sits (with the predicates 'sits, lies, stands, has fallen over' accumulated in final position).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Of course, you can easily invent further ones:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Er fuhr, nachdem er zum Abschied seine Frau, die ihn an das wichtige Manuskript, das noch auf dem Schreibtisch, auf dem große Unordnung, die er selbst zu verantworten hatte, herrschte, lag, erinnert hatte, geküsst hatte, ab.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">(He hit the road after kissing his wife farewell who had reminded him to take the important manuscript with him that had still been lying on his desk amidst a great disorder for which he himself was responsible.)<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">All grammatical, but you get entangled in the end. Enjoy!<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Best,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Johanna<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p>******************<o:p></o:p></p>
<address>Dr. Johanna Mattissen<o:p></o:p></address>
<address>European Legal Linguistics<o:p></o:p></address>
<address>University of Cologne<o:p></o:p></address>
<address style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erl.uni-koeln.de%2F&data=05%7C01%7Cjb77%40buffalo.edu%7Cb14acd8eb60d414f2b0008db0d2ebddf%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638118266778590265%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=eA1ReI8%2FufgTSq%2F6PkkmPXrwbnTJ7fv9WJZRVHPv0PM%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">www.erl.uni-koeln.de</a><o:p></o:p></address>
<address>Zeitschrift für Europäische Rechtslinguistik<o:p></o:p></address>
<address>(Journal for European Legal Linguistics)<br>
<a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ub.uni-koeln.de%2Findex.php%2Fzerl&data=05%7C01%7Cjb77%40buffalo.edu%7Cb14acd8eb60d414f2b0008db0d2ebddf%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638118266778590265%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=D1OJqLh0WyrWbgSy6wubqQDr1t0Dx6VWUDl71CWOfBc%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">https://journals.ub.uni-koeln.de/index.php/zerl</a>
<o:p></o:p></address>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">Am 12.02.2023 um 08:13 schrieb David Gil:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p>Dear all,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>A cumulative song is one in which each unit, or stanza, introduces an additional layer of syntactic embedding, such as the following ...<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">This is the house that Jack built.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">This is the rat that ate the malt
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">That lay in the house that Jack built.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">This is the cat <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">That killed the rat that ate the malt
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">That lay in the house that Jack built.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">This is the dog that worried the cat
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">That killed the rat that ate the malt
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-left:.5in">That lay in the house that Jack built.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>... and so forth. Perhaps the earliest example of a cumulative song is the Jewish Aramaic hymn
<i>Had Gadya</i>.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>My query: Is anybody familiar with examples of cumulative songs from other non-WEIRD cultures and languages. While my main interest is in "indigenous" attestations, I would also be interested in successful adaptations and translations of western cumulative
songs into other languages.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>(Background to the query: I am interested in exploring variation in the propensity of different languages to make use of syntactic embedding. My focus is on languages such as Malay/Indonesian, which have various tools to construct embedded clauses but generally
choose not to make use of them in natural discourse. I would like to test the hypothesis that such cumulative songs are absent or otherwise less successful in such languages.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>David<o:p></o:p></p>
<p> <o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>David Gil<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre> <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Senior Scientist (Associate)<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre> <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Email: <a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">gil@shh.mpg.de</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-082113720302<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre> <o:p></o:p></pre>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Lingtyp mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Flingtyp&data=05%7C01%7Cjb77%40buffalo.edu%7Cb14acd8eb60d414f2b0008db0d2ebddf%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638118266778590265%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=opScCwUqk7SIjpQOPG1M4UEuvsNLujekpsfRwySKPHM%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<p> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="xxmsonormal">_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.linguistlist.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmailman%2Flistinfo%2Flingtyp&data=05%7C01%7Cjb77%40buffalo.edu%7Cb14acd8eb60d414f2b0008db0d2ebddf%7C96464a8af8ed40b199e25f6b50a20250%7C0%7C0%7C638118266778590265%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=opScCwUqk7SIjpQOPG1M4UEuvsNLujekpsfRwySKPHM%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>