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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">There is a song in Basque, both weird and non-weird language. I learnt it many years ago, and looking for the exact lyrics there appear to be many different versions. Here the cumulative part exists of a noun in the
ergative (-ak) followed by a noun in the absolutive case (-a), and the audience can add new combinations.<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Basicallly, the pattern is:<span class="Apple-converted-space ContentPasted0"> </span><span class="ContentPasted0"> </span><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">We see the goat eat in the garden<span class="Apple-converted-space ContentPasted0"> </span><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">We see the the stick hit the goat<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">The stick the goat<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">The goat the corn/maize<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Etc<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Take the goat out of the garden (refrain)<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">The fire the stick (burn)<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">The stick the goat (hit)<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">The goat the corn/maize (eat)<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Peter<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Version with lyrics with translation into Standard Average European, from Venezuela:<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><a href="https://centrosvascosvenezuela.com/canciones-y-refranes/akerra-ikusi-degu-desde-los-tiempos-de-cervantes-hasta-hoy/" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0">https://centrosvascosvenezuela.com/canciones-y-refranes/akerra-ikusi-degu-desde-los-tiempos-de-cervantes-hasta-hoy/</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">sing-along by folk music band Oskorri:<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FtF1xxQZ_4" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FtF1xxQZ_4</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">filmclip with a somewhat experimental karaoke version:<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><a href="https://www.eitb.eus/eu/telebista/programak/ahotsak/bideoak/osoa/6777533/bideoa-energiaz-aritu-da-dakapo-abesbatza-akerra-ken-abestiarekin/" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0">https://www.eitb.eus/eu/telebista/programak/ahotsak/bideoak/osoa/6777533/bideoa-energiaz-aritu-da-dakapo-abesbatza-akerra-ken-abestiarekin/</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Other paper versions (no translations given)<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><a href="https://www.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/fondo-documental/cancionero-vasco/ab-703/" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0"><span lang="EN-US">https://www.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/fondo-documental/cancionero-vasco/ab-703/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><a href="https://www.letras.com/herrikoiak/1243909/" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0">https://www.letras.com/herrikoiak/1243909/</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><a href="https://www.badok.eus/euskal-musika/oskorri/oskorri-the-pub-ibiltaria-11/hitzak/8689-akerra-ikusi-degu" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0">https://www.badok.eus/euskal-musika/oskorri/oskorri-the-pub-ibiltaria-11/hitzak/8689-akerra-ikusi-degu</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="DA"><a href="https://www.ikas.eus/spip.php?article3061&lang=eu" style="color:rgb(149, 79, 114);text-decoration:underline" class="ContentPasted0">https://www.ikas.eus/spip.php?article3061&lang=eu</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>Fra:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> på vegne af David Gil <gil@shh.mpg.de><br>
<b>Sendt:</b> 12. februar 2023 08:13<br>
<b>Til:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Emne:</b> [Lingtyp] query: cumulative songs</font>
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<p>Dear all,</p>
<p>A cumulative song is one in which each unit, or stanza, introduces an additional layer of syntactic embedding, such as the following ...</p>
<dl><dd>This is the house that Jack built. </dd></dl>
<dl><dd>This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. </dd></dl>
<dl><dd>This is the rat that ate the malt </dd><dd>That lay in the house that Jack built. </dd></dl>
<dl><dd>This is the cat </dd><dd>That killed the rat that ate the malt </dd><dd>That lay in the house that Jack built. </dd></dl>
<dl><dd>This is the dog that worried the cat </dd><dd>That killed the rat that ate the malt </dd><dd>That lay in the house that Jack built. </dd></dl>
<p></p>
<p>... and so forth. Perhaps the earliest example of a cumulative song is the Jewish Aramaic hymn
<i>Had Gadya</i>.</p>
<p>My query: Is anybody familiar with examples of cumulative songs from other non-WEIRD cultures and languages. While my main interest is in "indigenous" attestations, I would also be interested in successful adaptations and translations of western cumulative
songs into other languages.</p>
<p>(Background to the query: I am interested in exploring variation in the propensity of different languages to make use of syntactic embedding. My focus is on languages such as Malay/Indonesian, which have various tools to construct embedded clauses but generally
choose not to make use of them in natural discourse. I would like to test the hypothesis that such cumulative songs are absent or otherwise less successful in such languages.)</p>
<p>Thanks,</p>
<p>David<br>
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<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-082113720302
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