<div dir="ltr">Colon marks tenseness of the vowel preceding it.<div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 4:34 PM Jess Tauber <<a href="mailto:tetrahedralpt@gmail.com">tetrahedralpt@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">In Yahgan, the root ka:gu: (also used prefixally to mean 'to the top, to fullness/completion' appears to connote staying in the same state (but increasingly so). The (perhaps etymologically related) ka:taka is used both lexically and grammaticalized as a verb suffix meaning 'incremental progressive' or 'more and more', 'bit by bit', etc.<div><br></div><div>Jess Tauber</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 4:13 PM Elad Eisen <<a href="mailto:elad.eisen@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank">elad.eisen@mail.huji.ac.il</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear Östen, Wesley, and all,<div>The development (REMAIN > CHANGE OF STATE) seems to be shared by more than one language outside of the Circum-Baltic languages, including not only Spanish <i>quedar (se) </i>but also Italian <i>rimanere</i>, Arabic <i>baqiya</i>, and Neo-Aramaic <i>pyÄÅ¡a</i>.</div><div><br></div><div>Some references and examples can be found in the abstract of a talk I gave, where I suggested a grammaticalization path for the change REMAIN > CHANGE OF STATE:</div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEYwMlbX_h5ODY5b2o5enlweGRUZFN0bW8xOGpMTjRfQzFj/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-PXh0LtFFyyIXizAWhTywoA" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEYwMlbX_h5ODY5b2o5enlweGRUZFN0bW8xOGpMTjRfQzFj/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-PXh0LtFFyyIXizAWhTywoA</a></div><div><div><br></div></div><div>Elad</div><div><br></div><div>Eisen, E. (2019, April 8). From remain to become: a static source for change of state verbs [Conference presentation abstract]. The International Conference for Graduate Students on Diverse Approaches to Linguistics, Jerusalem, Israel.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, 6 Mar 2023 at 14:00, Östen Dahl <<a href="mailto:oesten@ling.su.se" target="_blank">oesten@ling.su.se</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">In many or most Circum-Baltic languages (i.e. languages spoken around the Baltic sea), there has been a development of verbs meaning ‘remain, stay’ into verbs meaning ‘become’. Thus, in Swedish, “bli†can have both meanings,
although the original one is less often found in contemporary language. Cf.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><span lang="SV">Jag blir här ‘I will stay here’<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><span lang="SV">Jag blir så trött ’I am getting so tired’<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">â€Bli†is also used as a passive auxiliary, e.g.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36pt"><span lang="EN-US">Min artikel blev refuserad ‘My paper was rejected’<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This looks like an areal phenomenon going back to medieval times. “Bliâ€, which is found in all standard continental Scandinavian languages, comes from Middle Low German “bliwenâ€, but it is unclear if “bliwen†could have
the meaning ‘become’. – Spanish “quedar†seems to be a similar case outside the Circum-Baltic area.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0cm" type="disc">
<li style="margin-left:0cm"><span lang="EN-US">Östen<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="SV">Från:</span></b><span lang="SV"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>För </b>Wesley Jones<br>
<b>Skickat:</b> den 6 mars 2023 01:38<br>
<b>Till:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Ämne:</b> [Lingtyp] Grammaticalization of past/resultative meaning from "stay"<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u>Â <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Hello all,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">There is a construction in Horokoi (a.k.a. Wasembo, [gsp], part of the Madang branch of TNG) in which a clause chain with the final verb "stay/exist" can have various past/resultative-like
meanings. I am wondering where else such a construction has been found.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">The form is: [V-SR stay-TAM], where SR means switch reference marking (same-subject or different-subject). With same-subject marking, it literally says "I [V] and I stay";
with different-subject, it says "I [V] and it (impersonal) stays".<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">So far I have found the following meanings for the construction. The different-subject marking tends to be associated with more distal meanings (past, far past, anterior).
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span><span style="font-size:12pt">literal (he <u>built</u> a house and it
<u>stayed</u> [didn't fall down])</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12pt">stative (the food <u>is dry</u>, lit. it dries and it stays)<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12pt">copula/stative (you <u>are</u> like me, lit. you become and you stay)<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12pt">Note that this meaning only occurs when the first verb is "become". It does not mean "you became like me" (eventive).<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span><span style="font-size:12pt">resultative/stative ([you hit it and] it
<u>is broken</u>, lit. it breaks and it stays)</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12pt">past (I <u>went</u>, lit. I go and I stay)<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12pt">far past (they [ancestors] <u>got</u> salt from trees, lit. they take and it stays)<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12pt">anterior (I <u>had said</u> it to you, [then something else happened], lit. I say and it stays)<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">I have been thinking that this is unusual because "stay" as an auxiliary usually grammaticalizes into continuative rather than past/resultative. Heine & Kuteva (2002) mention
"sit" > copula, but not this path of "become and stay" > "become-past" > copula, nor any cases of "stay" (or similar) to these past-like meanings.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">I've been attributing this pathway to the sequential semantics of the clause chaining construction (Horokoi does not mark simultaneous vs sequential in medial verbs, as
far as I know). Thus, the sequence "I [V] and (then) I stay" implies that V is no longer happening and I am staying in whatever state endures at the end of V's action. But perhaps this is not right, and I received a comment that this implicature need not hold
for the literal meaning. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">I have received comments that similar constructions are found in Dani languages, Malay, and some others. I found mention of something very similar in Mian by Fedden (2020).
I have found no cognate constructions or comparative evidence to shed light on this for Horokoi (presumably Mian constitutes a parallel innovation because of the vast time depth separating Madang from Ok).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Please let me know if you have seen something like this or if you know of references about this grammaticalization pathway, thank you!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black"><u></u>Â <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Wesley Kuhron Jones<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Ph.D. student, University of Oregon<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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