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<p>Somewhere in the semantic space between "continuative" and
"past/resultative", Papuan Malay uses <i>tinggal</i> 'stay' as
the first term in a serial verb construction with a *durative* (or
maybe habitual) meaning. <br>
<br>
(I have not encountered this in any other Malay dialect,
suggesting that this might perhaps be due to influence from local
languages of Papua.)</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>David<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 06/03/2023 07:38, Wesley Jones
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:DM6PR10MB25878109884EB6418160A9CEBDB19@DM6PR10MB2587.namprd10.prod.outlook.com">
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Hello all,</div>
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<br>
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There is a construction in Horokoi (a.k.a. Wasembo, [gsp], part
of the Madang branch of TNG) in which a clause chain with the
final verb "stay/exist" can have various past/resultative-like
meanings. I am wondering where else such a construction has been
found.<br>
</div>
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<br>
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255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
The form is: [V-SR stay-TAM], where SR means switch reference
marking (same-subject or different-subject). With same-subject
marking, it literally says "I [V] and I stay"; with
different-subject, it says "I [V] and it (impersonal) stays".<br>
</div>
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<br>
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So far I have found the following meanings for the construction.
The different-subject marking tends to be associated with more
distal meanings (past, far past, anterior).
<br>
</div>
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<ul>
<li><span class="ContentPasted2">literal (he <u
class="ContentPasted2">built</u> a house and it
<u class="ContentPasted2">stayed</u> [didn't fall down])</span><br>
<span></span></li>
<li><span>stative (the food <u>is dry</u>, lit. it dries and
it stays)<br>
</span></li>
<li><span>copula/stative (you <u>are</u> like me, lit. you
become and you stay)</span></li>
<ul style="list-style-type: circle;">
<li><span>Note that this meaning only occurs when the first
verb is "become". It does not mean "you became like me"
(eventive).</span></li>
</ul>
<li><span><span class="ContentPasted1">resultative/stative
([you hit it and] it <u class="ContentPasted1">
is broken</u>, lit. it breaks and it stays)</span><br>
</span></li>
<li><span>past (I <u>went</u>, lit. I go and I stay)</span></li>
<li><span>far past (they [ancestors] <u>got</u> salt from
trees, lit. they take and it stays)</span></li>
<li><span>anterior (I <u>had said</u> it to you, [then
something else happened], lit. I say and it stays)</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
I have been thinking that this is unusual because "stay" as an
auxiliary usually grammaticalizes into continuative rather than
past/resultative. Heine & Kuteva (2002) mention "sit" >
copula, but not this path of "become and stay" >
"become-past" > copula, nor any cases of "stay" (or similar)
to these past-like meanings.<br>
</div>
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<br>
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font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
I've been attributing this pathway to the sequential semantics
of the clause chaining construction (Horokoi does not mark
simultaneous vs sequential in medial verbs, as far as I know).
Thus, the sequence "I [V] and (then) I stay" implies that V is
no longer happening and I am staying in whatever state endures
at the end of V's action. But perhaps this is not right, and I
received a comment that this implicature need not hold for the
literal meaning.
<br>
</div>
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255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
</div>
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font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class="elementToProof ContentPasted0">
I have received comments that similar constructions are found in
Dani languages, Malay, and some others. I found mention of
something very similar in Mian by Fedden (2020). I have found no
cognate constructions or comparative evidence to shed light on
this for Horokoi (presumably Mian constitutes a parallel
innovation because of the vast time depth separating Madang from
Ok).<br>
</div>
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<br>
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Please let me know if you have seen something like this or if
you know of references about this grammaticalization pathway,
thank you!</div>
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255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
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<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
Wesley Kuhron Jones</div>
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font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);" class="elementToProof">
Ph.D. student, University of Oregon<br>
</div>
<br>
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</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-082113720302
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