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Thank you all for the examples and references! I will of course continue to welcome any more.<br>
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Wesley<br>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Jess Tauber <tetrahedralpt@gmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, March 6, 2023 9:35 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Elad Eisen <elad.eisen@mail.huji.ac.il><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Östen Dahl <oesten@ling.su.se>; lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org>; Wesley Jones <wkj@uoregon.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Grammaticalization of past/resultative meaning from "stay"</font>
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<div dir="ltr">Colon marks tenseness of the vowel preceding it.
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 4:34 PM Jess Tauber <<a href="mailto:tetrahedralpt@gmail.com">tetrahedralpt@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div dir="ltr">In Yahgan, the root ka:gu: (also used prefixally to mean 'to the top, to fullness/completion' appears to connote staying in the same state (but increasingly so). The (perhaps etymologically related) ka:taka is used both lexically and grammaticalized
as a verb suffix meaning 'incremental progressive' or 'more and more', 'bit by bit', etc.
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<div>Jess Tauber</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 6, 2023 at 4:13 PM Elad Eisen <<a href="mailto:elad.eisen@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank">elad.eisen@mail.huji.ac.il</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Dear Östen, Wesley, and all,
<div>The development (REMAIN > CHANGE OF STATE) seems to be shared by more than one language outside of the Circum-Baltic languages, including not only Spanish
<i>quedar (se) </i>but also Italian <i>rimanere</i>, Arabic <i>baqiya</i>, and Neo-Aramaic <i>pyāša</i>.</div>
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<div>Some references and examples can be found in the abstract of a talk I gave, where I suggested a grammaticalization path for the change REMAIN > CHANGE OF STATE:</div>
<div><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEYwMlbX_h5ODY5b2o5enlweGRUZFN0bW8xOGpMTjRfQzFj/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-PXh0LtFFyyIXizAWhTywoA__;!!C5qS4YX3!EQ7CWqJgh5L5fdrXh2_yZ-z3ZSJoELHHA9zPnVhJmRxdSv0tacwi5-yaR-gdXxnLBNXlizf619G1_ya-f4n318M$" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByEYwMlbX_h5ODY5b2o5enlweGRUZFN0bW8xOGpMTjRfQzFj/view?usp=sharing&resourcekey=0-PXh0LtFFyyIXizAWhTywoA</a></div>
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<div>Elad</div>
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<div>Eisen, E. (2019, April 8). From remain to become: a static source for change of state verbs [Conference presentation abstract]. The International Conference for Graduate Students on Diverse Approaches to Linguistics, Jerusalem, Israel.</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Mon, 6 Mar 2023 at 14:00, Östen Dahl <<a href="mailto:oesten@ling.su.se" target="_blank">oesten@ling.su.se</a>> wrote:<br>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">In many or most Circum-Baltic languages (i.e. languages spoken around the Baltic sea), there has been a development of verbs meaning ‘remain, stay’ into verbs meaning ‘become’. Thus, in Swedish, “bli” can have both
meanings, although the original one is less often found in contemporary language. Cf.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><span lang="SV">Jag blir här ‘I will stay here’<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><span lang="SV">Jag blir så trött ’I am getting so tired’<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">”Bli” is also used as a passive auxiliary, e.g.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36pt"><span lang="EN-US">Min artikel blev refuserad ‘My paper was rejected’<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This looks like an areal phenomenon going back to medieval times. “Bli”, which is found in all standard continental Scandinavian languages, comes from Middle Low German “bliwen”, but it is unclear if “bliwen” could
have the meaning ‘become’. – Spanish “quedar” seems to be a similar case outside the Circum-Baltic area.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<ul type="disc" style="margin-top:0cm">
<li style="margin-left:0cm"><span lang="EN-US">Östen<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="SV">Från:</span></b><span lang="SV"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>För </b>Wesley Jones<br>
<b>Skickat:</b> den 6 mars 2023 01:38<br>
<b>Till:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Ämne:</b> [Lingtyp] Grammaticalization of past/resultative meaning from "stay"<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">Hello all,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">There is a construction in Horokoi (a.k.a. Wasembo, [gsp], part of the Madang branch of TNG) in which a clause chain with the final verb "stay/exist" can have various
past/resultative-like meanings. I am wondering where else such a construction has been found.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">The form is: [V-SR stay-TAM], where SR means switch reference marking (same-subject or different-subject). With same-subject marking, it literally says "I [V] and I stay";
with different-subject, it says "I [V] and it (impersonal) stays".<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">So far I have found the following meanings for the construction. The different-subject marking tends to be associated with more distal meanings (past, far past, anterior).
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span><span style="font-size:12pt">literal (he
<u>built</u> a house and it <u>stayed</u> [didn't fall down])</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt">stative (the food
<u>is dry</u>, lit. it dries and it stays)<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt">copula/stative (you
<u>are</u> like me, lit. you become and you stay)<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
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<ul type="circle">
<li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt">Note that this meaning only occurs when the first verb is "become". It does not mean "you became like me" (eventive).<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
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<li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span><span style="font-size:12pt">resultative/stative ([you hit it and] it
<u>is broken</u>, lit. it breaks and it stays)</span></span><span style="font-size:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt">past (I
<u>went</u>, lit. I go and I stay)<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt">far past (they [ancestors]
<u>got</u> salt from trees, lit. they take and it stays)<u></u><u></u></span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="color:black; background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt">anterior (I
<u>had said</u> it to you, [then something else happened], lit. I say and it stays)<u></u><u></u></span></li></ul>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">I have been thinking that this is unusual because "stay" as an auxiliary usually grammaticalizes into continuative rather than past/resultative. Heine & Kuteva (2002)
mention "sit" > copula, but not this path of "become and stay" > "become-past" > copula, nor any cases of "stay" (or similar) to these past-like meanings.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">I've been attributing this pathway to the sequential semantics of the clause chaining construction (Horokoi does not mark simultaneous vs sequential in medial verbs, as
far as I know). Thus, the sequence "I [V] and (then) I stay" implies that V is no longer happening and I am staying in whatever state endures at the end of V's action. But perhaps this is not right, and I received a comment that this implicature need not hold
for the literal meaning. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">I have received comments that similar constructions are found in Dani languages, Malay, and some others. I found mention of something very similar in Mian by Fedden (2020).
I have found no cognate constructions or comparative evidence to shed light on this for Horokoi (presumably Mian constitutes a parallel innovation because of the vast time depth separating Madang from Ok).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">Please let me know if you have seen something like this or if you know of references about this grammaticalization pathway, thank you!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">Wesley Kuhron Jones<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:12pt; color:black">Ph.D. student, University of Oregon<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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