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--></style></head><body lang=JA link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> 2023/03/07</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Warrongo (northeast Australia) has the conjugational category “apprehensional” (Tsunoda 2011: 286-288).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>“The apprehensional predominantly indicates that an event might occur, and it often implies that the event is unpleasant” (Tsunoda 2011: 286).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>“The apprehensional can be used in the subordinate clause of two types of complex sentences: ‘lest … should’ (4.17) and ‘X is afraid that’ (4.18.1)” (Tsunoda 2011: 287).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>For 4.17, please see Tsunoda (2011: 614-618).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>For 4.18.1, please see Tsunoda (2011: 619-621).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2011. <i>A grammar of Warrongo</i>. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter Mouton.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Tasaku Tsunoda<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN",serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> (Bastian Persohn <persohn.linguistics@gmail.com> </span><span style='color:black'>の代理</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>)<br></span><b><span style='color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>2023</span><span style='color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>3</span><span style='color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>6</span><span style='color:black'>日</span><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> </span><span style='color:black'>月曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'> 18:03<br></span><b><span style='color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Ponrawee Prasertsom <ponrawee.pra@gmail.com><br><b>Cc: </b><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br></span><b><span style='color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Re: [Lingtyp] Grammaticalised emotional states<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Dear Ponrawee,<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>You might be interested in apprehensional epistemics, which express a negative subjective stance towards a possibility, and which are sometimes described as ‚fear‘ markers.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Some references, with no claim as to their comprehensiveness:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>Dobrushina, Nina. 2006. Grammaticheskie formy i konstrukcii so znacheniem opasenija i predosterezhenija [Grammatical forms and constructions with the meaning of fear and caution]. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTd977ca8f.I",serif'>Voprosy jazykoznanija </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>2. 28</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862+20",serif'>–</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>67. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>Lichtenberk, Frantisek. 1995. Apprehensional epistemics. In Joan Bybee & Suzanne Fleischman (eds.), </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTd977ca8f.I",serif'>Modality in grammar and discourse</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>, 293</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862+20",serif'>–</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>327. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>Vuillermet, Marine. 2018. Grammatical fear morphemes in Ese Ejja. Making the case for a morphosemantic apprehensional domain. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOTd977ca8f.I",serif'>Studies in Language </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>42(1). 256</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862+20",serif'>–</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT4f49f862",serif'>293. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>In addition, a 2018 special issue of Studies in Language entitled „Morphology and emotions across the world’s languages“ (<a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.42.1">https://benjamins.com/catalog/sl.42.1</a>) is surely highly relevant to what you are looking for.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Bastian<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Am 06.03.2023 um 09:29 schrieb Ponrawee Prasertsom <<a href="mailto:ponrawee.pra@gmail.com">ponrawee.pra@gmail.com</a>>:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Dear typologists,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>There has been claims in the literature (Cinque, 2013) that (at least some) speakers' emotional states toward a situation such as "fear" and "worry" are not grammatically encoded in any language, where "grammatically encoded" means not encoded by closed-class items ("closed-class" in a morphosyntactic sense: a group of morphemes that occur in the same slot that do not easily admit new items and/or have few members). <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>I am interested in examples of any grammaticalized marker for any emotional states (not necessarily "fear" and "worry"). I am interested in both markers of 1) the <i>speaker</i>'s emotional states toward the situation being expressed as well as 2) of the <i>subject</i>'s emotional states toward the situation. The class of the item could be bound (clitics, affixes) or free (particles, auxiliary verbs) as long as it could be shown to be (somewhat) closed. I am only interested in markers specialised for specific emotions, and not, e.g., impoliteness markers that could be used when the speaker is angry.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>The "(un)happy about the verb" infixes <i>-ei</i>- and -<i>äng-</i> from the constructed language Na'vi would be the paradigm example of what I am looking for if they actually existed in a natural language.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>A potential example is Japanese <i>-yagatte, </i>which some have told me have grammaticalised into an affix encoding anger about the action. I'm also looking into whether there is evidence that this is actually part of a closed-class and would appreciate any pointers/more information.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Thank you very much in advance.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Ponrawee Prasertsom<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>PhD student<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Centre for Language Evolution<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>University of Edinburgh<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>References:</span></b><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Cinque, G. (2013). Cognition, universal grammar, and typological generalizations. Lingua, 130, 50–65. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.10.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2012.10.007</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>_______________________________________________<br>Lingtyp mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>_______________________________________________ Lingtyp mailing list Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>