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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Dear Raffaele,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">You may find examples from a few non-Indo-European languages in the following paper:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Hengeveld, Kees & Keizer, M. Evelien (2011), Non-straightforward communication.
<i>Journal of Pragmatics</i> 43.7, 1962–1976, DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.01.001">
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.01.001</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt">Kees<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:NL">Kees Hengeveld<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.keeshengeveld.nl/"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#0563C1;mso-fareast-language:NL">www.keeshengeveld.nl</span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:NL"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:NL">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:NL"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Raffaele Simone<br>
<b>Sent:</b> woensdag 8 maart 2023 19:08<br>
<b>To:</b> LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Truc, machin and friends<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Dear friends and colleagues,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">I am preparing a paper on that group of general-generic words that are used to designate entities whose name you do not know or do not remember, or whose name you do not want to remember or that,
simply, have no name in a language. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">I’m referring to “nouns” like French "truc" and "machin", Italian "coso", "arnese", "aggeggio", or, for people, Italian "tizio", "tipo", Spanish "tío", “fulano”, English "dude" etc. They form
apparently a special word class and implement a particular way of designating.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">The situation in the European languages I am familiar with seems very fragmented and discontinuous: some languages do have sets of dedicated or semidedicated words for that function, but most
don’t, as far as I see.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Does any of you have examples from other languages and, if any, bibliographic references?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt">Raffaele<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">==============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Emeritus Professor, Università Roma Tre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Hon C Lund University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Membre de l'Académie Royale de Belgique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de France<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Accademico (corrispondente) della Crusca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Prix de l'Institut de France-Fondation Bonnefous 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">===============<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT">Attività e pubblicazioni // Activity and publications
</span><a href="https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Funiroma3.academia.edu%2FRaffaeleSimone&data=05%7C01%7Cp.c.hengeveld%40uva.nl%7C8a0ddf94218144b0c15108db207584f6%7Ca0f1cacd618c4403b94576fb3d6874e5%7C0%7C0%7C638139461339337481%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=9MeMI48hpS8lUjhx75tPdoisXRcnleI6Oam0LM77U24%3D&reserved=0"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:blue;mso-fareast-language:IT">http://uniroma3.academia.edu/RaffaeleSimone</span></a><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:IT"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IT"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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