<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Dear Christian,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Focus and (identity-equative) copula interactions/isomorphy are also a hallmark of much of Niger-Congo and has therefore been imposed in on many (most?) Afro-European contact languages of Africa (e.g. Krio, Pichi, West African Pidgin, Kriyol and the Americas (all English-lexifier Creoles, Haitian, and many Spanish varieties spoken by African-descended majority population. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Here are two publications (and references there):</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5651783">https://zenodo.org/record/5651783</a><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><a href="http://www.acblpe.com/revista/volume-11-2021/construcciones-existenciales-en-el-continuo-afroiberorromanico">http://www.acblpe.com/revista/volume-11-2021/construcciones-existenciales-en-el-continuo-afroiberorromanico</a><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Kofi</div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="1" color="#666666" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">————<br></font></div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#666666">Dr Kofi Yakpo • Associate Professor </font></font></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">Chair of </span><a href="http://www.linguistics.hku.hk/" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Linguistics</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"> </span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">•</span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"> </span><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="http://arts.hku.hk/" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">University of Hong Kong</font></a></font></div><div><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">My publications @ </span><a href="https://zenodo.org/search?page=1&size=20&q=yakpo&sort=-publication_date" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">zenodo</font></a> <span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">• </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small;color:rgb(102,102,102)"> </span><a href="http://hub.hku.hk/cris/rp/rp01715" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">My Page</font></a></div><div><br></div><div><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">Recently published:</span><br></div><div><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.690593" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Creole prosodic systems are areal, not simple</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5651783" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Social entrenchment influences the amount of areal borrowing</font></a> <br></div><div><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1978453" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Unidirectional multilingual convergence</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/6375868" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Two types of language contact involving English Creoles</font></a> <span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><br></div><div> </div></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 13, 2023 at 4:27 AM Christian Lehmann <<a href="mailto:christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de">christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p>Dear colleagues,<br>
</p>
<p>the literature available to me adduces a Caribbean Spanish
example of what I am looking for:</p>
Juan compró fue un libro.<br>
John bought was a book<br>
'A book is what John bought.'
<p>The copula here separates the topical portion of the clause from
the comment portion, including importantly the focus (to which
this portion reduces in the example). Different sources of such a
construction are conceivable, for instance a pseudo-cleft:</p>
Lo que Juan compró fue un libro.<br>
it that John bought was a book<br>
'What John bought was a book.'
<p>What concerns me at the moment, however, is the bare copula in
the function of a focus marker. I am sure I have seen or heard
sentences like the following in Portuguese:</p>
<p>O João comprou foi um livro.<br>
</p>
<p>or with neutralization of tense and, thus, reduction to the
default form of the copula:</p>
<p>O João comprou é um livro.<br>
</p>
<p>However, I cannot seem to find evidence for this, neither primary
data nor linguistic treatments of it. Could you please help me
out? Both references to the linguistic literature and examples,
preferably from Portuguese, but also from any other language (I do
have data from Mandarin!) would be welcome.</p>
<p>Thanks in advance,</p>
<p>Christian<br>
</p>
<div>-- <br>
<p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
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