<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear fellow typologist,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I wonder if anyone has ever come up with a terminology for the two clauses that make up a concessive construction, as in (1).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Crucially, I am looking for a terminology that can be employed in cross-linguistic comparisons.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(1) <i class=""><b class="">Although</b> Peter studied hard, he <b class="">still</b> failed the exam</i>.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I try to avoid naming the clause that expresses the clause depicting the opposing circumstance a „concessive clause“, as this is usually associated with syntactic subordination, whereas the same semantic relationship may also be expressed by two clauses of the same structural level, as in (2). What is more, I am not aware of any good, let alone well-established, term for the second clause.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(2) <i class="">Peter studied hard. <b class="">Nonetheless</b>, he failed the exam</i>.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I’ve been toying around with „concessive antecedent“ and „concessive consequent“ as labels. This would have the advantage of covering concessive conditionals, as in (3). But then, it is somewhat strange to use these terms outside of the realm of conditionals. What is more, the „antecedent“ may be postponed, as in (4).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(3) <i class=""><b class="">Even</b> <b class="">if </b>Peter studies hard, he will fail the exam</i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">.</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-style: normal;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">(4) German</span></div><div class=""><i class="">Peter ist sicher in der Prüfung durchgefallen. <b class="">Obwohl … </b>bei dem Dusel den der zuletzt hat…</i></div><div class=""><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">‚Peter surely failed the exam. <b class="">Come to think of it, though</b>, seen how lucky he has been as of late…'</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: LibertinusSerif-Italic-Identity-H; font-size: 11pt;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: LibertinusSerif-Italic-Identity-H; font-size: 11pt;" class=""> </span>To cut a long story short, are there any studies out there that have established useful labels for concessives?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Best,</div><div class="">Bastian</div></body></html>