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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0">Thank you, Sir! Sorry, maybe there was a problem with my formulation. I meant that both attributive and adverbial have operational definitions, for example, attributive is a modifier of a noun, and adverbial is a modifier
of a verb. What about complements?<o:p class="ContentPasted0"> <br>
<br>
Best！</o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" class="ContentPasted0"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"><br>
Lixin</o:p></span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>发件人:</b> Juergen Bohnemeyer <jb77@buffalo.edu><br>
<b>发送时间:</b> 2023年5月9日 15:40<br>
<b>收件人:</b> Lixin Jin <jinlixin@hotmail.com>; lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>主题:</b> Re: what is designated by a complement claus</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear Lixin – OK, “I’ll bite” (i.e., let me try):
</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">What is meant by ‘complements’ in this thread are subordinate clauses or verbal projections that are semantically (if not necessarily syntactically, depending on your favorite theory of syntax) arguments
of their matrix predicates. </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This notion of ‘complements’ overlaps with that of Dependency Grammar, which designates any and all syntactic arguments.
</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">So if one assumes that all complements in the first sense are syntactic arguments (an assumption not shared, for example, in Roll & Reference Grammar), then under this assumption, complements in the first
sense are a subclass of complements in the second sense. </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Does this help at all? – Best – Juergen</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:Helvetica; color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Lixin Jin <jinlixin@hotmail.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Tuesday, May 9, 2023 at 8:13 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] what is designated by a complement claus</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"MS PMincho",serif; color:black">Dear Colleagues，<br>
<br>
The extension of the concept of complement is a bit ambiguous. I don't even know how to determine what a complement is sometimes. Perhaps different languages have different complements (e.g. Chinese complements). What is the definition of "complement" we are
talking about? Are the logical criteria for determining complements the same as those for attributive and adverbial? It would be interesting to know. Thanks!<br>
<br>
Lixin</span></p>
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