<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Tom Koss,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Thank you for you example.</div><div class="">Is it possible for ’shit’ be accompanied by any negator/ ’nothing’ and the like?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Warmest,</div><div class="">Pun Ho Lui (“Joe”)<br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">Tom Koss <<a href="mailto:Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be" class="">Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be</a>> 於 2023年6月13日 下午10:22 寫道：</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dear all, </div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br class=""></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">German<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="ContentPasted0">einen Scheiß<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i><span class="ContentPasted0">("a shit" in the accusative case) might also qualify. </span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><br class=""></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><i class="">Ein-en <span class=""> <span class=""> <span class=""> </span></span></span><i class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Scheiß werde ich tun!</i></i></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">INDF-ACC <span class=""> </span><span class=""> </span>shit FUT I do</span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">lit.: "A shit is what I will do!", intended: "I won't do anything."</span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br class=""></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i class="">Ein-en <span class=""> </span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><i class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Scheiß sehe ich. </i></i></i></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">INDF-ACC shit see I</span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">lit.: "A shit is what I see!", intended: "I don't see anything."</span><br class=""></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;"><br class=""></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted4 ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">I think nowadays<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ContentPasted5" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">this<span class="ContentPasted5"> </span></span>expression is more common than <i class="">einen Teufel, </i>which sounds quite a bit dated.<i class=""> </i></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted4 ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;"><i class=""><br class=""></i></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted4 ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">All best,</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted4 ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">Tom Koss</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="ContentPasted4 ContentPasted3" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">PhD student University of Antwerp</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i class=""><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><i class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br class=""></i></i></i></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i class=""><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><i class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br class=""></i></i></i></span></span></div><div class="elementToProof" style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="ContentPasted0"><span class="ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i class=""><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><i class="ContentPasted2 ContentPasted1 ContentPasted0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br class=""></i></i></i></span></span></div><div id="appendonsend" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""></div><hr tabindex="-1" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><b class="">From:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, June 13, 2023 3:50 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective</font><div class=""> </div></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""></p><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 235, 156); width: 628px; border: 1pt solid rgb(156, 101, 0); padding: 2pt; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12pt; font-family: Calibri; text-align: left;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(156, 101, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="">CAUTION:</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.</div><br class=""><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""></p><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">This is true. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">But I think my second Russian example, where 'penis' means nothing, can qualify; and also examples are possible like 'penis it knows' for 'I don't / no one knows', where no regular negative particle is used. This is pretty common in collquial communication, so much so that it made it to a rare phenomenon of acronym in spoken language - хз [хəze] 'I don't know; this is unclear' from lit. penis knows.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class="">Michael</div></div></div></div><br class=""><div class="x_gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">вт, 13 июн. 2023 г. в 15:44, Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div class="">Dear all,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">technically speaking, I think Pun Ho Lui’s original question was swear words acting as negators, not just intensifiers.</div><div class="">So phrases like “I don’t know shit” wouldn’t apply, only those like “I know shit” (intended meaning: I don’t know anything).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Regards,</div><div class="">Ian<br class=""><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">13/6/2023 오후 3:37, Eitan Grossman <<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a>> 작성:</div><br class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">I don't know if anyone has mentioned this, but Jespersen already discussed this phenomenon to some extent in his 1917 monograph on negation, and it was extended by many including Ross & Postal, Horn, and others (e.g., 'squatitive negation' as in 'You don't know doodly-squat.')<br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">For the sake of typology, some of the Hebrew terms for penis (mainly<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">zayin</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">zibbi</i>, the latter a loanword) also show the behavior mentioned by Pun Ho Lui, Misha, and others.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class=""><div class="x_gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr">On Tue, Jun 13, 2023 at 4:23 PM Lewis C Howe <<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div class=""><div lang="EN-US" class=""><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Hi Pun Ho Lui and all,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">These patterns are relatively common in Romance Languages. For instance, in Spanish you can find the following:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">(No) me importa un(a) coño|pedo|chingada|polla|etc.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">NEG 1sg.ACC matter.3sg a vagina|fart|fuck|dick|etc.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">‘I don’t care at all.’<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">There are a number of lexical options, which, not surprisingly, are quite dialectally diverse. The preverbal negation is optional, and, for some speakers in some collocations, may in fact be dispreferred.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Following up on the comment about<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">đavola </i>("devil") in BCMS/Serbo-Croation, there’s a similar construction in Romance (illustrated below in Spanish) that (typically) involves wh-words. This construction also includes similarly taboo lexical options—e.g.,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">carajo<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘shit’,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">cojones<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘testicles’. These types of constructions, at least for English, are described by Pesetsky (1987) as “Aggressively Non-D-Linked” wh-phrases.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">¿Qué demonios quieres?<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">What devils want.2sg<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">‘What the hell do you want?’<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Best wishes,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Chad Howe<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Pesetsky, D. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and unselective binding. In<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">The representation of (in)definiteness</i>, ed. by Eric Reuland and Alice G. B. ter Meulen, 98-130. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div id="x_m_-5585602351573308350m_-4921856047929884896m_-5383011396623242646mail-editor-reference-message-container" class=""><div class=""><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); padding: 3pt 0in 0in;" class=""><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">From:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Date:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Tuesday, June 13, 2023 at 9:01 AM<br class=""><b class="">To:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Stefan Savić <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Cc:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: rgb(186, 12, 47);" class="">[EXTERNAL SENDER - PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY]</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Dear Pun Ho Lui,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">In Russian strong speech, 'penis' is used as a non-referential NP in different type of emphatic negation; including constructions very similar to what you quote. See for examples, some way below. Note that "ни" is a negative particle distinct from regular negative "не" and commonly (though not exclusively) used under the scope of clausal negation; I am not sure how to gloss it. <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Sincerely,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Michael Daniel<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">он ни хуя не знает<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">he.nom not penis-Sg.Gen not knows<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">'he does not know anything at all'<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">хуй тебе, а не деньги<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">penis.Sg.Nom <a href="http://you.sg" class="">you.sg</a>-Dat, and not money<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">'You are not getting anything, you are not (instead of) getting any money'<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">ни хуя (подобн-ого)<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">not penis-Sg.Gen (similar-N.Sg.Gen)<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">'Nothing like that at all!'<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">вт, 13 июн. 2023 г. в 14:45, Stefan Savić <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0in;" class=""><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Dear Pun Ho Lui, Dear All, <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">In BCMS/Serbocroatian one can also use the genitive singular form<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">đavola<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>("devil") in the same function, now hardly considered a swear word per se, but once it definitely was (along with other religious terms). As a matter of fact, in numerous such instances, the nominative singular<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">kurac</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is often replaceable with the genitive singular<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">đavola<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>(whereby the latter sounds considerably milder than the former). <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Best,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Stefan<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">On Tue, 13 Jun 2023 at 14:35, Pun Ho Lui <<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><blockquote style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0in 0in 0in 6pt; margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0in;" class=""><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Dear linguists,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Swearwords/taboo words can function as a negator (1) or minimizer/“squatitive” (2):<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">(1) Cantonese <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""> <span style="font-family: "MS Gothic";" class="">我</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> <span style="font-family: "MS Gothic";" class="">撚</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> <span style="font-family: "MS Gothic";" class="">知</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""> 1sg dick know<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""> ‘I don’t know.’<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">(2) I learn fuck all/ shit.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">‘I learn nothing.’<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Other languages with these pattens include:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- Russian <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- German<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">einen Teufel<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘a devil’<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- Swedish<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">så fan Heller</i><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><i class="">-<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>French<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">mon cul</i> ‘my ass’ (?)<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- Polish<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">chuj<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘dick’;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">gówno<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>’shit’<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- Serbian<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">kurac<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘penis'<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- Croatian<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">kurac ‘penis’</i><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">- Colloquail Finnish “aggressive mood”<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">These examples are provided in: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" originalsrc="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" shash="Vxljf5uCxHf1wGgioZQrN3KqM7Olo/ZjM/V2SUGtjh/YALdJfs/7NvySuh8v+/DJYbedMtWYKXMEYWU2M5CShF497bH3uWJcQTsrsno2wj8DdBK7SK5tVj0YgTKqJrm210+9Q/gCwLQzktblczKBXAM3is3fmIR42w/IxsN/aRY=" target="_blank" class="">https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/</a><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">I am wondering if there are other languages performing similar constructions. If so, is the any requirement for using them.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Thank you.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Warmest,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">Pun Ho Lui<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class=""><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" originalsrc="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" shash="dPEAPpmhIfdTXcazN4TVCcH5F2IXREcM6V5o1LhN615QLrntlULFMtE+8lzsnCjE+BFb7dNQjkiO8qLKHugv+/R8D/CvURnI0WuFI4F3x3HF4flBeSnHy4orYJ+dzL/kqfzUmPs9jqwOy5HSjx/5tZ3sgmBgtpJKD3F1Ah6FLWM=" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></blockquote></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class=""><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" originalsrc="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" shash="dPEAPpmhIfdTXcazN4TVCcH5F2IXREcM6V5o1LhN615QLrntlULFMtE+8lzsnCjE+BFb7dNQjkiO8qLKHugv+/R8D/CvURnI0WuFI4F3x3HF4flBeSnHy4orYJ+dzL/kqfzUmPs9jqwOy5HSjx/5tZ3sgmBgtpJKD3F1Ah6FLWM=" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class=""><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" originalsrc="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" shash="dPEAPpmhIfdTXcazN4TVCcH5F2IXREcM6V5o1LhN615QLrntlULFMtE+8lzsnCjE+BFb7dNQjkiO8qLKHugv+/R8D/CvURnI0WuFI4F3x3HF4flBeSnHy4orYJ+dzL/kqfzUmPs9jqwOy5HSjx/5tZ3sgmBgtpJKD3F1Ah6FLWM=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class=""></div></blockquote></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class=""><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" originalsrc="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" shash="dPEAPpmhIfdTXcazN4TVCcH5F2IXREcM6V5o1LhN615QLrntlULFMtE+8lzsnCjE+BFb7dNQjkiO8qLKHugv+/R8D/CvURnI0WuFI4F3x3HF4flBeSnHy4orYJ+dzL/kqfzUmPs9jqwOy5HSjx/5tZ3sgmBgtpJKD3F1Ah6FLWM=" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class=""><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" originalsrc="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" shash="dPEAPpmhIfdTXcazN4TVCcH5F2IXREcM6V5o1LhN615QLrntlULFMtE+8lzsnCjE+BFb7dNQjkiO8qLKHugv+/R8D/CvURnI0WuFI4F3x3HF4flBeSnHy4orYJ+dzL/kqfzUmPs9jqwOy5HSjx/5tZ3sgmBgtpJKD3F1Ah6FLWM=" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class=""></blockquote></div></div></div><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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