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Hi Pier,
<div class="">Growing up in an Italian neighborhood in New York, we would use a lot of Italian terms in our English, and one common expression (pronounced in the Napolitano way, with the final vowel dropped, as with Maron for Madona) was, for example if you
were playing cards or some other game, “I got kats”, meaning 'I have nothing’.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">All the best,</div>
<div class="">Randy<br class="">
<div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">
<span style="font-size: 13px;" class="">——</span><br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<span style="font-size: 13px;" class="">Professor Randy J. LaPolla（罗仁地), PhD FAHA </span><br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<span style="font-size: 13px;" class="">Center for Language Sciences</span><br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<span style="font-size: 13px;" class="">Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences</span><br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<span style="font-size: 13px;" class="">Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai Campus</span><br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<span style="font-size: 13px;" class="">A302, Muduo Building, #18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, China</span><br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<br style="font-size: 13px;" class="">
<div style="font-size: 13px;" class="">邮编：519000<br class="">
广东省珠海市唐家湾镇金凤路18号木铎楼A302<br class="">
北京师范大学珠海校区<br class="">
人文和社会科学高等研究院<br class="">
语言科学研究中心 </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On 15 Jun 2023, at 12:15 AM, Pier Marco Bertinetto <<a href="mailto:piermarco.bertinetto@sns.it" class="">piermarco.bertinetto@sns.it</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<div dir="ltr" class="">
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Dear All,</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">I was hoping somebody else would provide the Italian view on this, but since nobody did... (well, Paolo Ramat did, but there is more to say about it).</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">The word <i class="">cazzo</i> [katso] 'penis' is very often heard in colloquial speech, and one can now also hear it in the media, especially in entertainment programs (inconceivable until some 20 years ago).
<br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">It can be used in different ways, for instance as a self-contained exclamation, expressing a wide range of meanings (both positive and negative ones).
<br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">As far as I can tell, in negative clauses it is used in two ways:</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">1) as a negation emphasizer<br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><i class="">Non ho capito un cazzo</i></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">'I did not understand a hell (of it)'</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">2) as an emphatic negator</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><i class="">Col cazzo che ho capito</i> [lit. 'with the penis that I understood'; strong emphasis on
<i class="">cazzo</i>]<br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Same meaning as above, but with the pragmatic addition of reacting to the contrary opinion (possibly, merely hypothesized as a rhetorical alternative).</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Needless to say, there are vernacular alternatives, like the originally Sicilian
<i class="">minchia</i> [minkja], which is a possible alternative in usage (1). I am not sure I ever heard it in usage (2), but I cannot exclude that some people do. The interest here lies in the incipient grammaticalization path that one can detect from intensifier
(1) to actual negator (2).<br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Ad maiora!<br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Pier Marco</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br class="">
</div>
</div>
<br class="">
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno mar 13 giu 2023 alle ore 22:50 Miestamo, Matti M P <<a href="mailto:matti.miestamo@helsinki.fi" class="">matti.miestamo@helsinki.fi</a>> ha scritto:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
Hi, All,<br class="">
<br class="">
Finnish is quite interesting in this regard. Swearwords (e.g. paskat ’shit’, vittu ’female genitals (vulgar)') can be used as negators clause initially. The standard negation construction in Finnish has a negative auxiliary inflected for person and number,
and then the lexical verb appears in a non-finite connegative form. Interestingly, with these swearwords used as negators, the lexical verb can also appear in the connegative form, so the swearword takes the place of the negative auxiliary in the construction.
There is some variation, though, and sometimes the lexical verb occurs with finite inflecttions. Here are some (colloquial Southern FInnish) examples:<br class="">
<br class="">
Mä laulan suihkus ’I sing in the shower'<br class="">
1SG sing.1SG shower.INE<br class="">
<br class="">
Mä en laula suihkus ’I don’t sing in the shower'<br class="">
1SG NEG.1SG sing.CNG shower.INE<br class="">
<br class="">
En mä suihkus laula ’I don’t sing in the *shower*’ (more contrastive with the negator appearing initially)<br class="">
NEG.1SG 1SG shower.INE sing.CNG <br class="">
<br class="">
Vittu mä suihkus laula ’I *don’t* sing in the shower’, ’The hell I sing in the shower’<br class="">
SW 1SG shower.INE sing.CNG<br class="">
<br class="">
Vitut mä suihkus laulan ’I *don’t* sing in the shower’, ’The hell I sing in the shower’<br class="">
<a href="http://sw.pl/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">SW.PL</a> 1SG shower.INE sing.1SG<br class="">
<br class="">
(It has even been suggested that the personal pronoun is cliticized to the swearword and then it could be seen as a paradigm — vittu-mä, vittu-sä, etc. that has been half-humorously called the aggressive mood...)<br class="">
<br class="">
The system is more complicated than can be shown here, but I hope this gives an idea of how it basically works. Unfortunately there isn’t much written on it in English. (Note also that it is in many ways related to an emphatic negative construction where negation
is expressed without overt negators; there is a short account of this in my paper "Negatives without negators” in the 2010 Rara Rarissima volume.)<br class="">
<br class="">
Best,<br class="">
Matti<br class="">
<br class="">
--<br class="">
Matti Miestamo<br class="">
<a href="https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/matmies/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/matmies/</a><br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
> Eline Visser <<a href="mailto:eelienu@pm.me" target="_blank" class="">eelienu@pm.me</a>> kirjoitti 13.6.2023 kello 22.51:<br class="">
> <br class="">
> <br class="">
> Norwegian has:<br class="">
> <br class="">
> Veita faen/søren<br class="">
> Know devil<br class="">
> ‘I don’t know.’<br class="">
> <br class="">
> (Alt. spelling veit/vet da faen/søren if you want to google.)<br class="">
> <br class="">
> I can’t think of anything in my native language Dutch but would be interested to learn.
<br class="">
> <br class="">
> <br class="">
> <br class="">
> On Tue, Jun 13, 2023 at 16:42, <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-request@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> wrote:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Send Lingtyp mailing list submissions to<br class="">
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>> <br class="">
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>> <br class="">
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>> than "Re: Contents of Lingtyp digest..."<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Today's Topics:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 1. Re: Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective (Stefan Savi?)<br class="">
>> 2. Re: Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective (Tom Koss)<br class="">
>> 3. Re: Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective (Mira Ariel)<br class="">
>> 4. Re: Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective (Pun Ho Lui)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Message: 1<br class="">
>> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 16:16:52 +0200<br class="">
>> From: Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> To: Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> Cc: Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>,<br class="">
>> "<<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>>"<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> Message-ID:<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:CA%2B1szGCw4YpZEcZP_1eFvaTqyygncsoho9RYrBBMTixTMFNSpA@mail.gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">CA+1szGCw4YpZEcZP_1eFvaTqyygncsoho9RYrBBMTixTMFNSpA@mail.gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Same applies to BCMS *?avola*:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?avola mi je pomogao.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> devil.m.sg.gen pron.1sg.dat be.prs.3sg <a href="http://help.pfv.pst.m.sg/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
help.pfv.pst.m.sg</a><br class="">
>> =<br class="">
>> Kurac mi je pomogao.<br class="">
>> cock.m.sg.nom pron.1sg.dat be.prs.3sg <a href="http://help.pfv.pst.m.sg/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
help.pfv.pst.m.sg</a><br class="">
>> "He helped me, my ass" (= He didn't help me at all).<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> On Tue, 13 Jun 2023 at 15:51, Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> > This is true.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > But I think my second Russian example, where 'penis' means nothing, can<br class="">
>> > qualify; and also examples are possible like 'penis it knows' for 'I don't<br class="">
>> > / no one knows', where no regular negative particle is used. This is pretty<br class="">
>> > common in collquial communication, so much so that it made it to a rare<br class="">
>> > phenomenon of acronym in spoken language - ?? [??ze] 'I don't know; this is<br class="">
>> > unclear' from lit. penis knows.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > Michael<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 15:44, Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>:<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> >> Dear all,<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> technically speaking, I think Pun Ho Lui?s original question was swear<br class="">
>> >> words acting as negators, not just intensifiers.<br class="">
>> >> So phrases like ?I don?t know shit? wouldn?t apply, only those like ?I<br class="">
>> >> know shit? (intended meaning: I don?t know anything).<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Regards,<br class="">
>> >> Ian<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> 13/6/2023 ?? 3:37, Eitan Grossman <<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a>> ??:<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> I don't know if anyone has mentioned this, but Jespersen already<br class="">
>> >> discussed this phenomenon to some extent in his 1917 monograph on negation,<br class="">
>> >> and it was extended by many including Ross & Postal, Horn, and others<br class="">
>> >> (e.g., 'squatitive negation' as in 'You don't know doodly-squat.')<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> For the sake of typology, some of the Hebrew terms for penis (mainly<br class="">
>> >> *zayin* and *zibbi*, the latter a loanword) also show the behavior<br class="">
>> >> mentioned by Pun Ho Lui, Misha, and others.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> On Tue, Jun 13, 2023 at 4:23?PM Lewis C Howe <<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a>> wrote:<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >>> Hi Pun Ho Lui and all,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> These patterns are relatively common in Romance Languages. For instance,<br class="">
>> >>> in Spanish you can find the following:<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> (No) me importa un(a) co?o|pedo|chingada|polla|etc.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> NEG 1sg.ACC matter.3sg a vagina|fart|fuck|dick|etc.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?I don?t care at all.?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> There are a number of lexical options, which, not surprisingly, are<br class="">
>> >>> quite dialectally diverse. The preverbal negation is optional, and, for<br class="">
>> >>> some speakers in some collocations, may in fact be dispreferred.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Following up on the comment about *?avola *("devil") in<br class="">
>> >>> BCMS/Serbo-Croation, there?s a similar construction in Romance (illustrated<br class="">
>> >>> below in Spanish) that (typically) involves wh-words. This construction<br class="">
>> >>> also includes similarly taboo lexical options?e.g., *carajo *?shit?, *cojones<br class="">
>> >>> *?testicles?. These types of constructions, at least for English, are<br class="">
>> >>> described by Pesetsky (1987) as ?Aggressively Non-D-Linked? wh-phrases.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?Qu? demonios quieres?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> What devils want.2sg<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?What the hell do you want??<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Best wishes,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Chad Howe<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Pesetsky, D. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and unselective binding. In *The<br class="">
>> >>> representation of (in)definiteness*, ed. by Eric Reuland and Alice G.<br class="">
>> >>> B. ter Meulen, 98-130. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> *From: *Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf<br class="">
>> >>> of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> >>> *Date: *Tuesday, June 13, 2023 at 9:01 AM<br class="">
>> >>> *To: *Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> >>> *Cc: *<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<br class="">
>> >>> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> >>> *Subject: *Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> >>> cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> [EXTERNAL SENDER - PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY]<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Dear Pun Ho Lui,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> In Russian strong speech, 'penis' is used as a non-referential NP in<br class="">
>> >>> different type of emphatic negation; including constructions very similar<br class="">
>> >>> to what you quote. See for examples, some way below. Note that "??" is a<br class="">
>> >>> negative particle distinct from regular negative "??" and commonly (though<br class="">
>> >>> not exclusively) used under the scope of clausal negation; I am not sure<br class="">
>> >>> how to gloss it.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Sincerely,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Michael Daniel<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> he.nom not penis-Sg.Gen not knows<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> 'he does not know anything at all'<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ??? ????, ? ?? ??????<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> penis.Sg.Nom <a href="http://you.sg/" class="">you.sg</a>-Dat, and not money<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> 'You are not getting anything, you are not (instead of) getting any<br class="">
>> >>> money'<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?? ??? (??????-???)<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> not penis-Sg.Gen (similar-N.Sg.Gen)<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> 'Nothing like that at all!'<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 14:45, Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>:<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Dear Pun Ho Lui, Dear All,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> In BCMS/Serbocroatian one can also use the genitive singular form *?avola<br class="">
>> >>> *("devil") in the same function, now hardly considered a swear word per<br class="">
>> >>> se, but once it definitely was (along with other religious terms). As a<br class="">
>> >>> matter of fact, in numerous such instances, the nominative singular<br class="">
>> >>> *kurac* is often replaceable with the genitive singular *?avola *(whereby<br class="">
>> >>> the latter sounds considerably milder than the former).<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Best,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Stefan<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> On Tue, 13 Jun 2023 at 14:35, Pun Ho Lui <<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Dear linguists,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Swearwords/taboo words can function as a negator (1) or<br class="">
>> >>> minimizer/?squatitive? (2):<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> (1) Cantonese<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ? ? ?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> 1sg dick know<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?I don?t know.?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> (2) I learn fuck all/ shit.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> ?I learn nothing.?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Other languages with these pattens include:<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - Russian<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - German *einen Teufel *?a devil?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - Swedish *s? fan Heller*<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> *- *French *mon cul* ?my ass? (?)<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - Polish *chuj *?dick?; *g?wno *?shit?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - Serbian *kurac *?penis'<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - Croatian *kurac ?penis?*<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> - Colloquail Finnish ?aggressive mood?<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> These examples are provided in:<br class="">
>> >>> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/</a><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> I am wondering if there are other languages performing similar<br class="">
>> >>> constructions. If so, is the any requirement for using them.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Thank you.<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Warmest,<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> Pun Ho Lui<br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> >>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> >>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> >>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> >>><br class="">
>> >> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> >> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> >> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> > _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> > Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> > <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> > <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> ><br class="">
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>> <br class="">
>> ------------------------------<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Message: 2<br class="">
>> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 14:22:13 +0000<br class="">
>> From: Tom Koss <<a href="mailto:Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be" target="_blank" class="">Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be</a>><br class="">
>> To: Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>, Ian Joo<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>><br class="">
>> Cc: "<<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>>"<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> Message-ID:<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:AS8PR05MB10112968FB5D1D775431793A09A55A@AS8PR05MB10112.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com" target="_blank" class="">AS8PR05MB10112968FB5D1D775431793A09A55A@AS8PR05MB10112.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com</a>><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear all,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> German einen Schei? ("a shit" in the accusative case) might also qualify.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Ein-en ? ????? Schei? werde ich tun!<br class="">
>> INDF-ACC ?? shit FUT I do<br class="">
>> lit.: "A shit is what I will do!", intended: "I won't do anything."<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Ein-en ?????Schei? sehe ich.<br class="">
>> INDF-ACC shit see I<br class="">
>> lit.: "A shit is what I see!", intended: "I don't see anything."<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> I think nowadays this expression is more common than einen Teufel, which sounds quite a bit dated.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> All best,<br class="">
>> Tom Koss<br class="">
>> PhD student University of Antwerp<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ________________________________<br class="">
>> From: Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2023 3:50 PM<br class="">
>> To: Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>><br class="">
>> Cc: <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> This is true.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> But I think my second Russian example, where 'penis' means nothing, can qualify; and also examples are possible like 'penis it knows' for 'I don't / no one knows', where no regular negative particle is used. This is pretty common in collquial communication,
so much so that it made it to a rare phenomenon of acronym in spoken language - ?? [??ze] 'I don't know; this is unclear' from lit. penis knows.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Michael<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 15:44, Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>>:<br class="">
>> Dear all,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> technically speaking, I think Pun Ho Lui?s original question was swear words acting as negators, not just intensifiers.<br class="">
>> So phrases like ?I don?t know shit? wouldn?t apply, only those like ?I know shit? (intended meaning: I don?t know anything).<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Regards,<br class="">
>> Ian<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 13/6/2023 ?? 3:37, Eitan Grossman <<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a>>>
??:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> I don't know if anyone has mentioned this, but Jespersen already discussed this phenomenon to some extent in his 1917 monograph on negation, and it was extended by many including Ross & Postal, Horn, and others (e.g., 'squatitive negation' as in 'You don't
know doodly-squat.')<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> For the sake of typology, some of the Hebrew terms for penis (mainly zayin and zibbi, the latter a loanword) also show the behavior mentioned by Pun Ho Lui, Misha, and others.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> On Tue, Jun 13, 2023 at 4:23?PM Lewis C Howe <<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Hi Pun Ho Lui and all,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> These patterns are relatively common in Romance Languages. For instance, in Spanish you can find the following:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> (No) me importa un(a) co?o|pedo|chingada|polla|etc.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> NEG 1sg.ACC matter.3sg a vagina|fart|fuck|dick|etc.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?I don?t care at all.?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> There are a number of lexical options, which, not surprisingly, are quite dialectally diverse. The preverbal negation is optional, and, for some speakers in some collocations, may in fact be dispreferred.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Following up on the comment about ?avola ("devil") in BCMS/Serbo-Croation, there?s a similar construction in Romance (illustrated below in Spanish) that (typically) involves wh-words. This construction also includes similarly taboo lexical options?e.g.,
carajo ?shit?, cojones ?testicles?. These types of constructions, at least for English, are described by Pesetsky (1987) as ?Aggressively Non-D-Linked? wh-phrases.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?Qu? demonios quieres?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> What devils want.2sg<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?What the hell do you want??<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Best wishes,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Chad Howe<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Pesetsky, D. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and unselective binding. In The representation of (in)definiteness, ed. by Eric Reuland and Alice G. B. ter Meulen, 98-130. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> From: Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>>
on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> Date: Tuesday, June 13, 2023 at 9:01 AM<br class="">
>> To: Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> Cc: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> [EXTERNAL SENDER - PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY]<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear Pun Ho Lui,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> In Russian strong speech, 'penis' is used as a non-referential NP in different type of emphatic negation; including constructions very similar to what you quote. See for examples, some way below. Note that "??" is a negative particle distinct from regular
negative "??" and commonly (though not exclusively) used under the scope of clausal negation; I am not sure how to gloss it.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Sincerely,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Michael Daniel<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> he.nom not penis-Sg.Gen not knows<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 'he does not know anything at all'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ??? ????, ? ?? ??????<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> penis.Sg.Nom <a href="http://you.sg/" class="">you.sg</a>-Dat, and not money<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 'You are not getting anything, you are not (instead of) getting any money'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?? ??? (??????-???)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> not penis-Sg.Gen (similar-N.Sg.Gen)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 'Nothing like that at all!'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 14:45, Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>>:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear Pun Ho Lui, Dear All,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> In BCMS/Serbocroatian one can also use the genitive singular form ?avola ("devil") in the same function, now hardly considered a swear word per se, but once it definitely was (along with other religious terms). As a matter of fact, in numerous such instances,
the nominative singular kurac is often replaceable with the genitive singular ?avola (whereby the latter sounds considerably milder than the former).<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Best,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Stefan<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> On Tue, 13 Jun 2023 at 14:35, Pun Ho Lui <<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear linguists,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Swearwords/taboo words can function as a negator (1) or minimizer/?squatitive? (2):<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> (1) Cantonese<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ? ? ?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 1sg dick know<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?I don?t know.?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> (2) I learn fuck all/ shit.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?I learn nothing.?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Other languages with these pattens include:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Russian<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - German einen Teufel ?a devil?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Swedish s? fan Heller<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - French mon cul ?my ass? (?)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Polish chuj ?dick?; g?wno ?shit?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Serbian kurac ?penis'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Croatian kurac ?penis?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Colloquail Finnish ?aggressive mood?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> These examples are provided in: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> I am wondering if there are other languages performing similar constructions. If so, is the any requirement for using them.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Thank you.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Warmest,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Pun Ho Lui<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
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>> <br class="">
>> ------------------------------<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Message: 3<br class="">
>> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 14:33:11 +0000<br class="">
>> From: Mira Ariel <<a href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a>><br class="">
>> To: Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>,<br class="">
>> "<<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>>"<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> Message-ID:<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:AM6PR02MB397587938E4F71B1C992F6E6D055A@AM6PR02MB3975.eurprd02.prod.outlook.com" target="_blank" class="">AM6PR02MB397587938E4F71B1C992F6E6D055A@AM6PR02MB3975.eurprd02.prod.outlook.com</a>><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Hi,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> True, but we know the fate of negative strengtheners. Think of French pas...<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Mira<br class="">
>> ________________________________<br class="">
>> From: Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>><br class="">
>> Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2023 6:43 AM<br class="">
>> To: <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear all,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> technically speaking, I think Pun Ho Lui?s original question was swear words acting as negators, not just intensifiers.<br class="">
>> So phrases like ?I don?t know shit? wouldn?t apply, only those like ?I know shit? (intended meaning: I don?t know anything).<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Regards,<br class="">
>> Ian<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 13/6/2023 ?? 3:37, Eitan Grossman <<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a>> ??:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> I don't know if anyone has mentioned this, but Jespersen already discussed this phenomenon to some extent in his 1917 monograph on negation, and it was extended by many including Ross & Postal, Horn, and others (e.g., 'squatitive negation' as in 'You don't
know doodly-squat.')<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> For the sake of typology, some of the Hebrew terms for penis (mainly zayin and zibbi, the latter a loanword) also show the behavior mentioned by Pun Ho Lui, Misha, and others.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> On Tue, Jun 13, 2023 at 4:23?PM Lewis C Howe <<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Hi Pun Ho Lui and all,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> These patterns are relatively common in Romance Languages. For instance, in Spanish you can find the following:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> (No) me importa un(a) co?o|pedo|chingada|polla|etc.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> NEG 1sg.ACC matter.3sg a vagina|fart|fuck|dick|etc.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?I don?t care at all.?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> There are a number of lexical options, which, not surprisingly, are quite dialectally diverse. The preverbal negation is optional, and, for some speakers in some collocations, may in fact be dispreferred.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Following up on the comment about ?avola ("devil") in BCMS/Serbo-Croation, there?s a similar construction in Romance (illustrated below in Spanish) that (typically) involves wh-words. This construction also includes similarly taboo lexical options?e.g.,
carajo ?shit?, cojones ?testicles?. These types of constructions, at least for English, are described by Pesetsky (1987) as ?Aggressively Non-D-Linked? wh-phrases.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?Qu? demonios quieres?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> What devils want.2sg<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?What the hell do you want??<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Best wishes,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Chad Howe<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Pesetsky, D. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and unselective binding. In The representation of (in)definiteness, ed. by Eric Reuland and Alice G. B. ter Meulen, 98-130. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> From: Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>>
on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> Date: Tuesday, June 13, 2023 at 9:01 AM<br class="">
>> To: Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> Cc: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> [EXTERNAL SENDER - PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY]<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear Pun Ho Lui,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> In Russian strong speech, 'penis' is used as a non-referential NP in different type of emphatic negation; including constructions very similar to what you quote. See for examples, some way below. Note that "??" is a negative particle distinct from regular
negative "??" and commonly (though not exclusively) used under the scope of clausal negation; I am not sure how to gloss it.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Sincerely,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Michael Daniel<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> he.nom not penis-Sg.Gen not knows<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 'he does not know anything at all'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ??? ????, ? ?? ??????<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> penis.Sg.Nom <a href="http://you.sg/" class="">you.sg</a>-Dat, and not money<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 'You are not getting anything, you are not (instead of) getting any money'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?? ??? (??????-???)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> not penis-Sg.Gen (similar-N.Sg.Gen)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 'Nothing like that at all!'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 14:45, Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>>:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear Pun Ho Lui, Dear All,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> In BCMS/Serbocroatian one can also use the genitive singular form ?avola ("devil") in the same function, now hardly considered a swear word per se, but once it definitely was (along with other religious terms). As a matter of fact, in numerous such instances,
the nominative singular kurac is often replaceable with the genitive singular ?avola (whereby the latter sounds considerably milder than the former).<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Best,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Stefan<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> On Tue, 13 Jun 2023 at 14:35, Pun Ho Lui <<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear linguists,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Swearwords/taboo words can function as a negator (1) or minimizer/?squatitive? (2):<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> (1) Cantonese<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ? ? ?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> 1sg dick know<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?I don?t know.?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> (2) I learn fuck all/ shit.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ?I learn nothing.?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Other languages with these pattens include:<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Russian<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - German einen Teufel ?a devil?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Swedish s? fan Heller<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - French mon cul ?my ass? (?)<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Polish chuj ?dick?; g?wno ?shit?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Serbian kurac ?penis'<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Croatian kurac ?penis?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> - Colloquail Finnish ?aggressive mood?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> These examples are provided in: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> I am wondering if there are other languages performing similar constructions. If so, is the any requirement for using them.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Thank you.<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Warmest,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Pun Ho Lui<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
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>> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
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>> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<br class="">
>> URL: <<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20230613/b93c89ca/attachment-0001.htm" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lingtyp/attachments/20230613/b93c89ca/attachment-0001.htm</a>><br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> ------------------------------<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Message: 4<br class="">
>> Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 22:42:30 +0800<br class="">
>> From: Pun Ho Lui <<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> To: Tom Koss <<a href="mailto:Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be" target="_blank" class="">Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be</a>><br class="">
>> Cc: Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>, Ian Joo<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>, "<<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>>"<br class="">
>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a<br class="">
>> cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:9D27560B-27EA-4E7C-875F-D84E12AFE6A9@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">9D27560B-27EA-4E7C-875F-D84E12AFE6A9@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Dear Tom Koss,<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Thank you for you example.<br class="">
>> Is it possible for ?shit? be accompanied by any negator/ ?nothing? and the like?<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Warmest,<br class="">
>> Pun Ho Lui (?Joe?)<br class="">
>> > Tom Koss <<a href="mailto:Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be" target="_blank" class="">Tom.Koss@uantwerpen.be</a>> ? 2023?6?13? ??10:22 ???<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > Dear all,<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > German einen Schei? ("a shit" in the accusative case) might also qualify.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > Ein-en ? ????? Schei? werde ich tun!<br class="">
>> > INDF-ACC ?? shit FUT I do<br class="">
>> > lit.: "A shit is what I will do!", intended: "I won't do anything."<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > Ein-en ?????Schei? sehe ich.<br class="">
>> > INDF-ACC shit see I<br class="">
>> > lit.: "A shit is what I see!", intended: "I don't see anything."<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > I think nowadays this expression is more common than einen Teufel, which sounds quite a bit dated.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > All best,<br class="">
>> > Tom Koss<br class="">
>> > PhD student University of Antwerp<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > From: Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>>
on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> > Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2023 3:50 PM<br class="">
>> > To: Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>><br class="">
>> > Cc: <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" target="_blank" class="">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>><br class="">
>> > Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > This is true.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > But I think my second Russian example, where 'penis' means nothing, can qualify; and also examples are possible like 'penis it knows' for 'I don't / no one knows', where no regular negative particle is used. This is pretty common in collquial communication,
so much so that it made it to a rare phenomenon of acronym in spoken language - ?? [??ze] 'I don't know; this is unclear' from lit. penis knows.<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > Michael<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 15:44, Ian Joo <<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp" target="_blank" class="">ian_joo@nucba.ac.jp</a>>>:<br class="">
>> > Dear all,<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > technically speaking, I think Pun Ho Lui?s original question was swear words acting as negators, not just intensifiers.<br class="">
>> > So phrases like ?I don?t know shit? wouldn?t apply, only those like ?I know shit? (intended meaning: I don?t know anything).<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > Regards,<br class="">
>> > Ian<br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> >> 13/6/2023 ?? 3:37, Eitan Grossman <<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a>>>
??:<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> I don't know if anyone has mentioned this, but Jespersen already discussed this phenomenon to some extent in his 1917 monograph on negation, and it was extended by many including Ross & Postal, Horn, and others (e.g., 'squatitive negation' as in 'You
don't know doodly-squat.')<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> For the sake of typology, some of the Hebrew terms for penis (mainly zayin and zibbi, the latter a loanword) also show the behavior mentioned by Pun Ho Lui, Misha, and others.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> On Tue, Jun 13, 2023 at 4:23?PM Lewis C Howe <<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:chowe@uga.edu" target="_blank" class="">chowe@uga.edu</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
>> >> Hi Pun Ho Lui and all,<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> These patterns are relatively common in Romance Languages. For instance, in Spanish you can find the following:<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> (No) me importa un(a) co?o|pedo|chingada|polla|etc.<br class="">
>> >> NEG 1sg.ACC matter.3sg a vagina|fart|fuck|dick|etc.<br class="">
>> >> ?I don?t care at all.?<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> There are a number of lexical options, which, not surprisingly, are quite dialectally diverse. The preverbal negation is optional, and, for some speakers in some collocations, may in fact be dispreferred.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Following up on the comment about ?avola ("devil") in BCMS/Serbo-Croation, there?s a similar construction in Romance (illustrated below in Spanish) that (typically) involves wh-words. This construction also includes similarly taboo lexical options?e.g.,
carajo ?shit?, cojones ?testicles?. These types of constructions, at least for English, are described by Pesetsky (1987) as ?Aggressively Non-D-Linked? wh-phrases.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> ?Qu? demonios quieres?<br class="">
>> >> What devils want.2sg<br class="">
>> >> ?What the hell do you want??<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Best wishes,<br class="">
>> >> Chad Howe<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Pesetsky, D. 1987. Wh-in-situ: Movement and unselective binding. In The representation of (in)definiteness, ed. by Eric Reuland and Alice G. B. ter Meulen, 98-130. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> From: Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>>
on behalf of Michael Daniel <<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">misha.daniel@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> >> Date: Tuesday, June 13, 2023 at 9:01 AM<br class="">
>> >> To: Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>><br class="">
>> >> Cc: <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>><br class="">
>> >> Subject: Re: [Lingtyp] Swearwords as a negator and/or minimizer: a cross-linguistic perspective<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> [EXTERNAL SENDER - PROCEED CAUTIOUSLY]<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Dear Pun Ho Lui,<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> In Russian strong speech, 'penis' is used as a non-referential NP in different type of emphatic negation; including constructions very similar to what you quote. See for examples, some way below. Note that "??" is a negative particle distinct from regular
negative "??" and commonly (though not exclusively) used under the scope of clausal negation; I am not sure how to gloss it.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Sincerely,<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Michael Daniel<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????<br class="">
>> >> he.nom not penis-Sg.Gen not knows<br class="">
>> >> 'he does not know anything at all'<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> ??? ????, ? ?? ??????<br class="">
>> >> penis.Sg.Nom <a href="http://you.sg/" class="">you.sg</a>-Dat, and not money<br class="">
>> >> 'You are not getting anything, you are not (instead of) getting any money'<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> ?? ??? (??????-???)<br class="">
>> >> not penis-Sg.Gen (similar-N.Sg.Gen)<br class="">
>> >> 'Nothing like that at all!'<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> ??, 13 ???. 2023??. ? 14:45, Stefan Savi? <<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:stefansavicz@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">stefansavicz@gmail.com</a>>>:<br class="">
>> >> Dear Pun Ho Lui, Dear All,<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> In BCMS/Serbocroatian one can also use the genitive singular form ?avola ("devil") in the same function, now hardly considered a swear word per se, but once it definitely was (along with other religious terms). As a matter of fact, in numerous such instances,
the nominative singular kurac is often replaceable with the genitive singular ?avola (whereby the latter sounds considerably milder than the former).<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Best,<br class="">
>> >> Stefan<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> On Tue, 13 Jun 2023 at 14:35, Pun Ho Lui <<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:luiph001@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">luiph001@gmail.com</a>>> wrote:<br class="">
>> >> Dear linguists,<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Swearwords/taboo words can function as a negator (1) or minimizer/?squatitive? (2):<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> (1) Cantonese<br class="">
>> >> ? ? ?<br class="">
>> >> 1sg dick know<br class="">
>> >> ?I don?t know.?<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> (2) I learn fuck all/ shit.<br class="">
>> >> ?I learn nothing.?<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Other languages with these pattens include:<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> - Russian<br class="">
>> >> - German einen Teufel ?a devil?<br class="">
>> >> - Swedish s? fan Heller<br class="">
>> >> - French mon cul ?my ass? (?)<br class="">
>> >> - Polish chuj ?dick?; g?wno ?shit?<br class="">
>> >> - Serbian kurac ?penis'<br class="">
>> >> - Croatian kurac ?penis?<br class="">
>> >> - Colloquail Finnish ?aggressive mood?<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> These examples are provided in: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/</a> <<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://www.facebook.com/groups/lingtyp/permalink/6751622964867235/</a>><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> I am wondering if there are other languages performing similar constructions. If so, is the any requirement for using them.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Thank you.<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> Warmest,<br class="">
>> >> Pun Ho Lui<br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >><br class="">
>> >> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> >> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a> <<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>><br class="">
>> >> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> >> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a> <<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>>_______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> >> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a> <<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>><br class="">
>> >> _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> >> Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> >> <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> >> <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a> <<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>><br class="">
>> ><br class="">
>> > _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> > Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> > <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class="">
>> > <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a> <<a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>><br class="">
>> > _______________________________________________<br class="">
>> > Lingtyp mailing list<br class="">
>> > <a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
>> > <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">
https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br class="">
>> <br class="">
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>> <br class="">
>> ------------------------------<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> Subject: Digest Footer<br class="">
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>> ------------------------------<br class="">
>> <br class="">
>> End of Lingtyp Digest, Vol 105, Issue 10<br class="">
>> ****************************************<br class="">
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<pre cols="72" class=""><span style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0)" class=""><span class=""></span></span>=========================================================
<span style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0)" class=""><span class=""></span></span> |||| Pier Marco Bertinetto
------ professore emerito
/////// Scuola Normale Superiore
------- <a href="http://p.za/" target="_blank" class="">p.za</a> dei Cavalieri 7<span style="background-color:rgb(243,243,243)" class=""><span class=""></span></span>
/////// I-56126 PISA
------- phone: +39 050 509111
///////
------- HOME
/////// via Matteotti 197
------- I-55049 Viareggio LU
/////// phone: +39 0584 652417<span style="background-color:rgb(204,204,204)" class=""><span style="" class=""></span></span>
------- cell.: +39 368 3830251
===============================================================
editor of "Italian Journal of Linguistics"<br class=""> webpage <<a href="https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Bertinetto_Pier" target="_blank" class="">https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Bertinetto_Pier</a>>
===============================================================</pre>
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