<html><head></head><body><div class="ydpee5e5ee5yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">the general view now in Oceanic linguistics is that the passive to ergative re-analysis in Maori is incorrect and if anything the change went the other way. PPN was clearly ergative in case marking as witnessed by the two highest sub-groups in it, Tongic and Samoan group languages. Eastern PN languages like Maori and Hawai'ian later developed passive voice.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">William</div><div><br></div>
</div><div id="yahoo_quoted_0234641538" class="yahoo_quoted">
<div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;">
<div>
On Thursday, 20 July 2023, 10:13:20 am GMT-4, William Croft <wcroft@unm.edu> wrote:
</div>
<div><br></div>
<div><br></div>
<div><div id="yiv8518108697"><style type="text/css">#yiv8518108697 P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}</style><div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
Dear Tasaku,</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
The main reference I am aware of for this hypothesis is Sandy Chung's 1978 book:</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:New;" class="yiv8518108697ContentPasted0">Chung, Sandra. 1978.
<i class="yiv8518108697ContentPasted0">Case marking and grammatical relations in Polynesian</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press</span>.</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
She cites both Hohepa 1967 and Hale 1968:</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
Hohepa, Patrick W. 1967. A profile generative grammar of Maori. Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir 20.</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
Hale, Kenneth. 1968. Review of Hohepa (1967). Journal of the Polynesian Society 77:83-99.</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
<br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
Best wishes,</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="yiv8518108697elementToProof">
Bill<br clear="none">
</div>
<div id="yiv8518108697appendonsend"></div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%;" tabindex="-1">
<div id="yiv8518108697yqt35539" class="yiv8518108697yqt4537911817"><div dir="ltr" id="yiv8518108697divRplyFwdMsg"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt;" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 20, 2023 7:24 AM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org>; TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Hohepa and Hale on Maori</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<style>
<!--
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 p.yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal, #yiv8518108697 li.yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal, #yiv8518108697 div.yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal
{margin:0mm;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;}
#yiv8518108697 .yiv8518108697x_MsoChpDefault
{font-size:10.0pt;}
#yiv8518108697 filtered {}
#yiv8518108697 div.yiv8518108697x_WordSection1
{}
-->
</style>
<div lang="JA" style="word-wrap:break-word;">
<p style="line-height:12.0pt;background:#FF6666;" class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:white;"> [EXTERNAL]</span></b></p>
<div>
<div class="yiv8518108697x_WordSection1">
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> 2023/07/20</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"></span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">Dear Colleagues,</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> Re: Hohepa and Hale on Maori</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> Would you please help me?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> If I remember correctly, more than 40 years ago, Patrick Hohepa wrote an article (or a book?) on Maori and K. L. Hale wrote a review of it.</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> Also, if I remember correctly, either Hohepa or Hale claimed as follows:
</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">In Maori, passive constructions were used excessively and consequently they ceased to be passives and they became unmarked constructions.</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> My requests are the following.</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(1) Would you have bibliographical information on Hohepa’s article (or a book?)?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(2) Would you have a copy of Hohepa’s article (or a book?)?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(3) Would you have bibliographical information on Hale’s review?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(4) Would you have a copy of Hale’s review?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(5) Did Hohepa or Hale make a claim about Maori passives as shown above?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(6) Would you know any other work that is relevant to this claim?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">(7) Would you have a copy of that work?</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> I would appreciate your help.</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">Best wishes and thanking you in advance,</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;">Tasaku Tsunoda</span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:New serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="yiv8518108697x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div></div><div class="yqt4537911817" id="yqt16370">_______________________________________________<br clear="none">Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br clear="none"></div></div>
</div>
</div></body></html>