<div dir="ltr">I would imagine that the notions of 'hot' versus 'cool' here relate to the ones found in the various gas laws. It is well known to physicists that if you compress a volume of gas, it will heat up, whereas releasing pressure will cool it down (this is how refrigerators work). And pressure associates with feelings of priorities in one's life. Heat in a gas also strongly associates with the speed of the individual molecules or atoms within the gas- the higher the temperature, the higher the speed. Indeed, temperature itself turns out to be a measure of the average speed of the molecules of the body being measured. And the more speed, the more unsettled the condition of that collection of atoms or molecules, the more 'unsettled' they are, while they don't come to rest (settling down) unless that temperature is cooled way down, even to the point of becoming a liquid or solid.<div><br></div><div>It turns out such notions are also found in ideophonic phonosemantics (often mistakenly called 'sound symbolism'). For example in many languages that have large numbers of ideophones (say in the large hundreds to many thousands), initial labial stops often make reference to the notion of pressurized contents seeking or finding release into the larger environment surrounding the container, which if successful will reduce the pressure within, and let the container, if it has any animate qualities, 'relax'. Thus in very many languages many of the ideophones dealing with release of intestinal gases which bloat one's belly begin with a labial stop (or a historical reflex). Santali (a Munda language spoken in India's northeast) has dozens of such forms with initial /p/ or other labial stops initially. While those here with initial labial stops deal with spontaneous release (or efforts towards same, from the materials to be released themselves), those with dental or alveolar stops instead deal with the notion of forced escape (as when compressed from without- think of someone punching you in the gut and the gas there is forced out unbidden). The velar and palatal positions initially in such ideophones instead connote withdrawal or retraction of materials INTO containment/confinement. All very symmetrically disposed in terms of the use of the phonological system to interpret the physics and mechanics of the real world, or of animates social-physically. For example, if some entity wants to hide behind others and not be forced to put themselves forward into potential danger in the larger world, the ideophones will utilize a velar initial. Similarly, palatal initials are used in gossip situations where one wants to make oneself of value and thus gain entry into some elite clique by offering up usable, juicy tidbits of gossip. Communications offered with ideophones that have labial initials are considered to be suspect at best, and of no value generally (boasting, bragging, blowing one's own horn, exaggerations, etc.). All this relates also to the relative amounts of contained available 'energy' and entropy (disorder), so again, a physical basis for value judgements.</div></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br><table style="border-top:1px solid #d3d4de"><tr><td style="width:55px;padding-top:13px"><a href="http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail" target="_blank"><img src="https://s-install.avcdn.net/ipm/preview/icons/icon-envelope-tick-green-avg-v1.png" alt="" width="46" height="29" style="width: 46px; height: 29px;"></a></td><td style="width:470px;padding-top:12px;color:#41424e;font-size:13px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:18px">Virus-free.<a href="http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=webmail" target="_blank" style="color:#4453ea">www.avg.com</a></td></tr></table><a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"></a></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Jul 27, 2023 at 7:43 AM Edoardo Nardi <<a href="mailto:e.nardi@unimarconi.it">e.nardi@unimarconi.it</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">Dear Maria,<div><br></div><div>The first thing that comes to my mind is an expression like ‘cool down’ in English, with the meaning of ‘relax’; or similarly, ‘I am cool’ meaning ‘I am relaxed’ or ‘I am tranquil’, or stuff like that. But I guess these expressions must have had a different diachronic development from the African ones you showed, as well as different socio-cultural reasons motivating their usage and formation.</div><div><br></div><div>I think my observations are a bit trivial, but I hope I was useful!</div><div><br></div><div>All the best,</div><div><br><div>
<div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div>Edoardo Nardi, Ph.D.<br>Professor of Ancient Greek Language<br>Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi (Rome)<br><a href="mailto:e.nardi@unimarconi.it" target="_blank">e.nardi@unimarconi.it</a></div></div></div></div>
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>Il giorno 27 lug 2023, alle ore 13:33, Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm <<a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" target="_blank">tamm@ling.su.se</a>> ha scritto:</div><br><div><div>Dear colleagues,<br><br>In a number of sub-Saharan African languages ‘cold’ (or ‘cool’) can be used in reference to peace and harmony in various contexts, including human propensities (‘X is gentle, kind, generous’) and (emotional) states (‘X is pleased, content, etc’). This use is also sometimes present in wishes/blessings and in greetings, e.g., the Ewe translation of '‘Grant us peace (Dona nobis pacem)' literally means ‘Let our skin become cold’, or the Ga greetings exchange A: ‘Here all?’ – B: ‘Here cold/cool’.<br><br>I would be very grateful for more examples of such (or similar uses) – both from African and non-African languages.<br><br>Many thanks and all the best,<br><br>Maria / Masha<br><br>Prof. Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<br>Dept. of linguistics, Stockholm university, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden<br>tel.: +46-8-16 26 20 (office)<br><a href="http://www.ling.su.se/tamm" target="_blank">www.ling.su.se/tamm</a><br><a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" target="_blank">tamm@ling.su.se</a><br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>Lingtyp mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>
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