<div dir="auto">Dear Sergey<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I have found examples of almost the same phenomenon in some dialects of Kara (New Ireland, Papua New Guinea). There, the intransitive form of the transitive predicate may have both passive and active meaning.</div><div dir="auto">Kara Nonopai</div><div dir="auto">1a. A raatai a=yot-a popo</div><div dir="auto"> Art man 3sg.s=lift.up-TR art baby</div><div dir="auto">1b. A popo fo yo-yot</div><div dir="auto"> art baby perf red-lift.up</div><div dir="auto"> The baby was lift up</div><div dir="auto">(The absence of subject indexing is due to the perfect marker for, which doesn't allow subject indexing in the 3sg)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I will be presenting a poster about it at the SLE, if you're interested! </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best, Lidia </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il gio 27 lug 2023, 12:29 Sergey Loesov <<a href="mailto:sergeloesov@gmail.com">sergeloesov@gmail.com</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dear colleagues,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Do you know of languages that
have past-tense forms of transitive verbs with both active and passive readings?
In particular, languages in which the same token can appear as both active and
passive, depending on the context? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This seems to be the case in the
unwritten language Modern Western Aramaic, spoken in the Syrian Anti-Lebanon/Kalamoun.
Thus, <i>ifṯeḥ</i> (a Perfect-Resultative verb form) may mean ‘he (has) opened’
and ‘he has been opened/he is opened.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Thank you very much,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sergey</span></p></div>
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