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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Michael Silverstein described these phenomena way back in 1976 in his paper on features and ergativity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">He distinguished two situations: (1) “local ergativity” where coding (e.g. case marking) is determined by the features associated with each argument of the verb independently. This
is the commonly described “animacy hierarchy” where A gets erg/nom and P gets abs/acc. (2) “global ergativity” where coding is determined by features associated with each argument in relation to other arguments, e.g. where P ranks higher than A on some feature
set. There are three types of coding that Michael identified: (a) global ergative where A gets erg case when it is lower than P; (b) global accusative where P gets accusative case when it is higher than A; (c) voice coding where the clause is marked as passive/anti-passive
if the feature set of A is lower than the feature set of P. In this final scenario it would be grammatical to say the equivalent of “The man was crushed by the rock” but NOT “The rock crushed the man”. A relationship thus potentially exists between global
ergativity and voice on this account.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">So the trail of bibliography should go back 40 years before
</span>Witzlack-Makarevich et al. 2016 <span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
to Silverstein 1976.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Peter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Martin Haspelmath<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, September 19, 2023 10:27 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query: Obviative constraints<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>A "scenario split" is the same as a "coargument-conditioned split" – in fact, my 2021 terminology was largely inspired by Witzlack-Makarevich et al. (2016). They say:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt">"The phenomenon comes in two flavors: (i) in some systems, ... arguments of a clause compete for a particular agreement slot or for a particular case marker. It is normally assumed that in order to provide an account for such
a system, it is necessary to posit a referential hierarchy (or scale) of a certain form (language-specific or universal). Then, one can say that only the argument that ranks higher on the hierarchy than other arguments of the same clause gets access to a particular
agreement slot or case marker. Such cases underlie the traditional label “hierarchical agreement” or recently “hierarchical indexation” (Rose 2009), as well as what we will refer to as “hierarchical case marking”. (ii) In the other systems...,
<b>argument marking also depends on the whole constellation of the arguments in a clause, or what one might call its “scenario”.</b> However, in contrast to the first type, in such systems it is impossible to account for the distribution of markers in terms
of a unified referential hierarchy because the relevant conditions determining their distribution involve several variables at once (e. g., ‘assign accusative to the P argument if the A argument is second person singular and nowhere else’)." (Witzlack-Makarevich
et al. 2016: 534)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>So what both of the types they discuss share is that the argument marking is scenario-conditioned in some way.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Whether one regards these as "broadly voice-related phenomena" depends on one's definition of "voice", and the extent to which one may be willing to extend it to "broadly related" phenomena. (For a definition of "voice constructions" that relates them to
the more basic notion of "valency constructions", see my 2022 paper: <a href="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005941">
https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005941</a>.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Best,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Martin<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On 19.09.23 11:14, Juergen Bohnemeyer wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Thanks for reminding me of this paper, Françoise! I had sort of “lost” this one. Meaning I skimmed it a while back, thought it was important, but then couldn’t find it again, apparently because it merged in
my memory with another paper </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif">😉</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The phenomena Witzlack-Makarevich & coauthors are talking about are distinct from the ones I’m concerned with, because they’re dealing with argument marking, whereas I’m interested in broadly voice-related
phenomena. But, these phenomena are clearly related, and ‘co-argument sensitivity’ strikes me a good cover term for both (while at the same time being much less abstract and broad than Martin’s ‘scenarios’).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Still not quite the narrow term I’m looking for though
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif">😉</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> – Best – Juergen</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-- </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">
<lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on behalf of Françoise Rose <a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">
<francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Tuesday, September 19, 2023 at 10:49<br>
<b>To: </b><a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query: Obviative constraints</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear Jürgen,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Aren’t you looking for what Alena Witzlack-Makarevich & colleague call “co-arguments conditions” ?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">See the following reference:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Zakharko, Taras & Bierkandt, Lennart & Zúñiga, Fernando & Bickel, Balthasar. 2016. Decomposing hierarchical alignment: co-arguments as conditions on alignment.
<i>Linguistics</i> 531–562.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Françoise</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">De :</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> Lingtyp
<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
<b>De la part de</b> Martin Haspelmath<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> lundi 18 septembre 2023 20:39<br>
<b>À :</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query: Obviative constraints</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR">I wouldn't use "obviation", because outside of North American linguistics, this has come to be used in the sense of "disjoint reference from the subject" (e.g. Szabolcsi, Anna, 2021. Obviation in Hungarian: What is its scope, and is it due
to competition? <i>Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics</i> 6(1): 57. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1421">
https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1421</a>)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR">In my 2021 paper on role-reference associations (<a href="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/004047">https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/004047</a>), I referred to the kinds of phenomena that Jürgen talks about as "scenario splits" of argument coding,
because they depend on the *scenario* (the referential-prominence value of two arguments).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR">I wouldn't use the term "alignment" for such phenomena, because this is generally reserved for coexpression patterns (accusative alignment is coexpression of S and A, ergative alignment is coexpression of S and P, etc).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR">But this discussion is useful because it illustrates how difficult we sometimes find it to talk about interesting phenomena with terms that we all understand right away.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR">Martin</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">On 18.09.23 20:26, Juergen Bohnemeyer wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Fair enough, Christian! Let me try to restate my comment a little more sensibly:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Both active/passive voice alternations and the kind of phenomena I’m interested in (including inverse voice marking) are governed by constraints on topicality and animacy, and thus more broadly by
‘reference-conditioned alignment constraints’.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">But I was looking specifically for a way to designate only those constraints that occur in obviative alignment systems.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">And those constraints are of a subtly different nature from those that govern active/passive alternations. In active/passive alternations (though surely not in every language-specific construction
that has been called by that label), what matters is whether the actor or the undergoer is topical and where each lands on an animacy scale.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">In contrast, in obviative alignment systems, what matters is whether the actor *<b>outranks</b>* the undergoer in animacy and topicality (including definiteness) or vice versa.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">And, again, I’m looking for a way to specifically designate grammatical systems that have constraints of this specific second kind.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Does that make sense? – Best – Juergen</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">-- </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Christian Lehmann
<a href="mailto:christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de"><christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Monday, September 18, 2023 at 19:32<br>
<b>To: </b>Juergen Bohnemeyer <a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"><jb77@buffalo.edu></a>,
<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query: Obviative constraints</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">I'm afraid I don't understand your qualms. An alternation is not a constraint, and voices and diatheses are no alignment constraints.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Thanks, Christian! But wouldn’t those terms again also extend to voice alternations, including European-style active/passive alternations? I’m not looking for a cover term, mind you, but rather specifically
for a term that narrowly denotes those constraints that specifically concern the
<i>relative</i> animacy and topicality (etc.) of core arguments in transitive (and ditransitive) clauses. – Best – Juergen</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/" title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">-- </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From:
</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org">
<lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on behalf of Christian Lehmann <a href="mailto:christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de">
<christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Monday, September 18, 2023 at 18:12<br>
<b>To: </b><a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query: Obviative constraints</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">Since animacy (better: empathy
</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif">🙂</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">) and topicality are both related to reference, the term you are looking for could be something like 'reference-conditioned
alignment constraint'. It would cover not only empathy and topicality, but also other referential properties like specificity, which play a role in alignment, too.<br>
Best, Christian</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">-- </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">+49/361/2113417</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu/">https://www.christianlehmann.eu</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:11.0pt">-- </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">+49/361/2113417</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">E-Post:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Web:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu/">https://www.christianlehmann.eu</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<pre><span lang="FR">_______________________________________________</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Lingtyp mailing list</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR"><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a></span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR"><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></span><o:p></o:p></pre>
</blockquote>
<pre><span lang="FR">-- </span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Martin Haspelmath</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Deutscher Platz 6</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">D-04103 Leipzig</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/">https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/</a></span><o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Lingtyp mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
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<pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Martin Haspelmath<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>Deutscher Platz 6<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>D-04103 Leipzig<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/">https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
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