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<p>A "scenario split" is the same as a "coargument-conditioned
split" – in fact, my 2021 terminology was largely inspired by
Witzlack-Makarevich et al. (2016). They say:</p>
<p><font size="2"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">"The phenomenon comes in two flavors: (i) in some systems, ... arguments of a clause compete for a particular agreement slot or for a particular case marker. It is normally assumed that in order to provide an account for such a system, it is necessary to posit a referential hierarchy (or scale) of a certain form (language-specific or universal). Then, one can say that only the argument that ranks higher on the hierarchy than other arguments of the same clause gets access to a particular agreement slot or case marker. Such cases underlie the traditional label “hierarchical agreement” or recently “hierarchical indexation” (Rose 2009), as well as what we will refer to as “hierarchical case marking”. (ii) In the other systems..., <b>argument marking also depends on the whole constellation of the arguments in a clause, or what one might call its “scenario”.</b> However, in contrast to the first type, in such systems it is impossible to account for the distribution of markers in terms of a unified referential hierarchy because the relevant conditions determining their distribution involve several variables at once (e. g., ‘assign accusative to the P argument if the A argument is second person singular and nowhere else’)." (Witzlack-Makarevich et al. 2016: 534)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">So what both of the types they discuss share is that the argument marking is scenario-conditioned in some way.</span></p>
<p><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Whether one regards these as "</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt">broadly voice-related phenomena"
depends on one's definition of "voice", and the extent to which
one may be willing to extend it to "broadly related" phenomena.
(For a definition of "voice constructions" that relates them to
the more basic notion of "valency constructions", see my 2022
paper: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005941">https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005941</a>.)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best,</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Martin<br>
</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19.09.23 11:14, Juergen Bohnemeyer
wrote:<br>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Thanks for
reminding me of this paper, Françoise! I had sort of “lost”
this one. Meaning I skimmed it a while back, thought it was
important, but then couldn’t find it again, apparently
because it merged in my memory with another paper </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Apple Color
Emoji"">😉</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The
phenomena Witzlack-Makarevich & coauthors are talking
about are distinct from the ones I’m concerned with, because
they’re dealing with argument marking, whereas I’m
interested in broadly voice-related phenomena. But, these
phenomena are clearly related, and ‘co-argument sensitivity’
strikes me a good cover term for both (while at the same
time being much less abstract and broad than Martin’s
‘scenarios’).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Still not
quite the narrow term I’m looking for though
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Apple
Color Emoji"">😉</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
– Best – Juergen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black">Juergen
Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a
href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
Web: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a
href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"> <br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Office
hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642 Baldy or via Zoom
(Meeting ID 585 520 2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light
Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="DE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="DE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div id="mail-editor-reference-message-container">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black" lang="FR">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"
lang="FR">Lingtyp
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on
behalf of Françoise Rose
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr"><francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Tuesday, September 19, 2023 at 10:49<br>
<b>To: </b><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query:
Obviative constraints<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear
Jürgen,</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Aren’t
you looking for what Alena Witzlack-Makarevich &
colleague call “co-arguments conditions” ?</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">See the
following reference:</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Witzlack-Makarevich,
Alena & Zakharko, Taras & Bierkandt, Lennart
& Zúñiga, Fernando & Bickel, Balthasar. 2016.
Decomposing hierarchical alignment: co-arguments as
conditions on alignment.
<i>Linguistics</i> 531–562.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best,</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Françoise</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1
1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">De :</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="FR"> Lingtyp
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a>
<b>De la part de</b> Martin Haspelmath<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> lundi 18 septembre 2023 20:39<br>
<b>À :</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology query:
Obviative constraints</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="FR">I wouldn't use "obviation", because
outside of North American linguistics, this has come to
be used in the sense of "disjoint reference from the
subject" (e.g. Szabolcsi, Anna, 2021. Obviation in
Hungarian: What is its scope, and is it due to
competition? <i>Glossa: A Journal of General
Linguistics</i> 6(1): 57. doi: <a
href="https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1421"
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">
https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1421</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="FR">In my 2021 paper on role-reference
associations (<a
href="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/004047"
moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/004047</a>),
I referred to the kinds of phenomena that Jürgen talks
about as "scenario splits" of argument coding, because
they depend on the *scenario* (the
referential-prominence value of two arguments).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="FR">I wouldn't use the term "alignment" for
such phenomena, because this is generally reserved for
coexpression patterns (accusative alignment is
coexpression of S and A, ergative alignment is
coexpression of S and P, etc).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="FR">But this discussion is useful because it
illustrates how difficult we sometimes find it to talk
about interesting phenomena with terms that we all
understand right away.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="FR">Martin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR">On 18.09.23 20:26,
Juergen Bohnemeyer wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">Fair enough, Christian! Let me try to
restate my comment a little more sensibly:</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">Both active/passive voice alternations and
the kind of phenomena I’m interested in (including
inverse voice marking) are governed by constraints on
topicality and animacy, and thus more broadly by
‘reference-conditioned alignment constraints’.</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">But I was looking specifically for a way to
designate only those constraints that occur in
obviative alignment systems.
</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">And those constraints are of a subtly
different nature from those that govern active/passive
alternations. In active/passive alternations (though
surely not in every language-specific construction
that has been called by that label), what matters is
whether the actor or the undergoer is topical and
where each lands on an animacy scale.
</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">In contrast, in obviative alignment systems,
what matters is whether the actor *<b>outranks</b>*
the undergoer in animacy and topicality (including
definiteness) or vice versa.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">And, again, I’m looking for a way to
specifically designate grammatical systems that have
constraints of this specific second kind.
</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">Does that make sense? – Best – Juergen</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="FR">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY
14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black" lang="FR"><br>
Web: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"><a
href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black" lang="FR"> <br>
<br>
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"
lang="FR">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in 642
Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520 2411;
Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="FR"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The
Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">-- </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="DE"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="DE"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black" lang="FR">From:
</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black" lang="FR">Christian
Lehmann
<a href="mailto:christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de"
moz-do-not-send="true"><christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Monday, September 18, 2023 at
19:32<br>
<b>To: </b>Juergen Bohnemeyer <a
href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true"><jb77@buffalo.edu></a>,
<a
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>
<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology
query: Obviative constraints</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">I'm afraid I don't understand your
qualms. An alternation is not a constraint, and
voices and diatheses are no alignment
constraints.</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote
style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">Thanks, Christian! But wouldn’t those
terms again also extend to voice alternations,
including European-style active/passive
alternations? I’m not looking for a cover term,
mind you, but rather specifically for a term
that narrowly denotes those constraints that
specifically concern the
<i>relative</i> animacy and topicality (etc.) of
core arguments in transitive (and ditransitive)
clauses. – Best – Juergen</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="FR">Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY
14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"><a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
title="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0078D4">jb77@buffalo.edu</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black" lang="FR"><br>
Web: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR"><a
href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
title="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#0563C1">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</span></a></span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black" lang="FR"> <br>
<br>
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"
lang="FR">Office hours Tu/Th 3:30-4:30pm in
642 Baldy or via Zoom (Meeting ID 585 520
2411; Passcode Hoorheh) </span><span
style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black"
lang="FR"><br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How
The Light Gets In <br>
(Leonard Cohen) </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="FR">-- </span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="DE"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="DE"> </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"
lang="FR">From:
</span></b><span
style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black"
lang="FR">Lingtyp <a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on behalf of
Christian Lehmann <a
href="mailto:christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de></a><br>
<b>Date: </b>Monday, September 18, 2023
at 18:12<br>
<b>To: </b><a
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
moz-do-not-send="true"
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<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] Terminology
query: Obviative constraints</span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="FR">Since
animacy (better: empathy
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Apple
Color Emoji"" lang="FR">🙂</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="FR">) and
topicality are both related to reference,
the term you are looking for could be
something like 'reference-conditioned
alignment constraint'. It would cover not
only empathy and topicality, but also other
referential properties like specificity,
which play a role in alignment, too.<br>
Best, Christian</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="FR">-- </span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt" lang="FR">Prof.
em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"
lang="FR">-- </span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt" lang="FR">Prof.
em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></span><span
lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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lang="FR"><br>
<br>
<br>
</span><span lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre><span lang="FR">_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Lingtyp mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR"><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR"><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
</blockquote>
<pre><span lang="FR">-- <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Martin Haspelmath<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">Deutscher Platz 6<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR">D-04103 Leipzig<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6
D-04103 Leipzig
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/">https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/martin-haspelmath/</a></pre>
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