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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I agree with Paul Hopper here. I’d be surprised if there was a language where you COULDN’T express affirmation by repetition. There’s work in Conversation Analysis that suggests
this. Tanya Stivers (2023) ‘The Book of Answers’ OUP would be a good starting point.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I was just yesterday transcribing some Garrwa (Northern Australian, non-Pama-Nyungan) conversations, and came across affirmative repetition answers in the 5 minutes or so that I
transcribed. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Ilana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Ilana Mushin FAHA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Professor of Linguistics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Deputy Head of School<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Linguistics Major Convener<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><img width="58" height="78" style="width:.6041in;height:.8125in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.png@01DA2DAA.3B2C9A40" alt="/var/folders/lv/m77kqy0n4x1_rcd3pk0j2n900000gq/T/com.microsoft.Outlook/WebArchiveCopyPasteTempFiles/il.pb.png">Co-Editor, <i>Interactional
Linguistics</i> (<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/benjamins.com/catalog/il__;!!NVzLfOphnbDXSw!XIVG-R7E5WzAx0G3QYgTrakJEOa6L2OdXXKg1Lg7jusPiNeWF9btUHYhJlpCXsRdPeQ$" title="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://benjamins.com/catalog/il__;!!NVzLfOphnbDXSw!XIVG-R7E5WzAx0G3QYgTrakJEOa6L2OdXXKg1Lg7jusPiNeWF9btUHYhJlpCXsRdPeQ$"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://benjamins.com/catalog/il</span></a>) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black">School of Languages and Cultures</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black">University of Queensland</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black">St Lucia, QLD 4072.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black">Ph: (07) 3365 6810<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black">CRICOS Provider No: 00025B</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Apple Chancery";color:black">I acknowledge the Jagera and Turrbal peoples on whose land I live and work. Their sovereignty was never ceded.</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Peter Arkadiev <peterarkadiev@yandex.ru><br>
<b>Date: </b>Wednesday, 13 December 2023 at 1:24 am<br>
<b>To: </b>Paul Hopper <hopper@cmu.edu>, Edoardo Nardi <e.nardi@unimarconi.it><br>
<b>Cc: </b>lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] REQUEST<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I am wondering if Anders Holmberg's 2016 book "The Syntax of Yes and No" (OUP) might be relevant for this discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Peter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">12.12.2023, 17:39, "Paul Hopper" <hopper@cmu.edu>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">An alternative formulation might be: which languages have particles that are specialized for affirmative or negative responses such as yes and no, and how common is this once areal phenomena are included. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">On Tue, Dec 12, 2023 at 7:17 AM Edoardo Nardi <<a href="mailto:e.nardi@unimarconi.it" target="_blank">e.nardi@unimarconi.it</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear Fang,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">In Italian, at least in the north-eastern Tuscany varieties (i.e. Florence and neighboring areas), we have that kind of construction, though not particularly frequent and characterize by the following features:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- pragmatically marked meaning (simple emphasis);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- usually, specific prosody;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">- usually, repetition of the verb.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">For example:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Question: <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Che
<u>mangia</u> i’ figliolo?</span></em> ‘is the child <u>eating</u>?’ (lit. ‘that <u>
eats</u> the child?’)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Answer: <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">mangia (mangia)</span></em> (lit. ‘eats, eats’) = ‘yes (indeed)’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I would say that it is possible in Florentine, but only under the mentioned specific conditions; that is, it is not a “standard” construction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Hope this helps!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black">Edoardo Nardi, Ph.D.<br>
Professor of Linguistics and Ancient Greek Language<br>
Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi (Rome)<br>
<a href="mailto:e.nardi@unimarconi.it" target="_blank">e.nardi@unimarconi.it</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Il giorno 12 dic 2023, alle ore 12:52, Hongmei Fang <<a href="mailto:hongmei.fang01@gmail.com" target="_blank">hongmei.fang01@gmail.com</a>> ha scritto:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Please distribute the following message. Thanks!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear all,<br>
<br>
I am investigating echo answers, i.e. answers that repeat a fragment part of the polar question that they are responding to. In the following example from Finnish the verb from the question is repeated to mean 'yes'. <br>
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Question: <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Osaa-ko Liisa puhua ranskaa?</span></em><br>
Can-Q Liisa speak French<br>
‘Can Liisa speak French?’<br>
Answer: <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Osaa</span></em><br>
can<br>
‘Yes.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
I am looking for specialists and/or native speakers of languages exhibiting this phenomenon who are willing to provide information. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I have collected data on some languages such as Finnish, Russian, Korean, Chinese, Portuguese, Thai, etc. I am expecting more.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Examples of other languages which have been reported to have echo answers are: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Aguaruna, Atong, Bandial, Bunaq, Chaha, Chickasaw, Chol, Evenki, Garifuna, Georgian, Gwa, Harari, Hindi, Hixkaryana, Hup, Imbabura Quechua, Kannada, Kobon, Latin, Malayalam, Marathi, Mauwake, Mualang, Rapanui,
Semelai, Tamil, Tigrinya, Vietnamese, West Greenlandic, Wai Wai, Wari, Yeli Dnye, Yuyuca. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">But if your language is not in this list but does exhibit echo answers, I would be equally interested.<br>
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Thanking you in advance for your reactions, which you can send to the email address below:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="mailto:h.m.fang@uva.nl" target="_blank">h.m.fang@uva.nl</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Hongmei Fang<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
<em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Postdoctoral researcher</span></em><i><br>
<em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">University of Amsterdam</span></em><br>
<em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Spuistraat 210, 1012 VB</span></em><br>
<em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Amsterdam, The Netherlands</span></em></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">_______________________________________________<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:gray"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:gray">______________________________________</span></em><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">_______________________________________________<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">__________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Paul J. Hopper<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Paul Mellon Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Humanities<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Department of English<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dietrich College of Humanities & Social Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Carnegie Mellon University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Peter Arkadiev, PhD Habil.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://peterarkadiev.github.io/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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