<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<style type="text/css" style="display:none;"> P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} </style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<div class="elementToProof" style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dear Ellison,</span></div>
<div class="elementToProof" style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br>
</span></div>
<p class="elementToProof" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I greatly appreciate your kind explanation and the crucial data provided.</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">I fully agree with your analysis regarding the directionality of 'whether (or not)' <> 'if' <> 'when' <> 'as soon as.'</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The works by Hosokawa (1991) and Waters (1989) seem very interesting.</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="elementToProof"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Thank you so much again for your help!</span></p>
<div class="elementToProof" style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br>
</div>
<div id="Signature">
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">___________________________________________________ </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yongtaek Kim, Ph.D. </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Associate Professor of Korean and Linguistics</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Director of Korean Program </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">School of Modern Languages, Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Swann 309 </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ykim791@gatech.edu </span></p>
</div>
<div id="appendonsend"></div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Ellison Luk <ellisonluk@gmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, February 6, 2024 8:50 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kim, Yongtaek <ykim791@gatech.edu><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Kofi Yakpo <kofi@hku.hk>; lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] historical change from a complementizer to a temporal adverbial</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div><font size="2">Dear Yongtaek,</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2">The most direct link between the two semantic functions seems to be something like this: 'whether (or not)' <> 'if' <> 'when' <> 'as soon as' -- the implication being that anything that has both of the functions you described will also have
conditional (protasis) functions. In my study of conditionality in Australian languages, I found that both 'whether' and 'when' functions are adjacent to 'if', but there aren't many examples of languages that have both 'whether' and 'when' functions on the
one marker. ('As soon as' usually doesn't constitute a separate category from 'when'.)<br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2">The only Australian languages where I can say for certain that one marker can cover both meanings are Yawuru (Nyulnyulan; Hosokawa 1991) and Djinang</font>–<font size="2">Djinba (Pama-Nyungan: Yolngu; Waters 1989). In Djinang</font>–Djinba,
the <i>bilang </i>'FRAME' particle (a kind of topic marker) covers both 'whether' and 'when' , and in Yawuru,
<i>ngadyi</i> (glossed as 'whether') can cover 'if' and 'whether', but I don't have examples of 'when'-only interpretations. I can't say for certain what the directionality between the functions would be. I would analyse both markers as conjunctions (and not
complementisers, as there is no evidence that the clauses are themselves arguments).<br>
</div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div>
<div><font size="2">Djinang<span id="x_m_1249296551280913446gmail-docs-internal-guid-d1ec654a-7fff-60d6-6fa5-d7e08c984637" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:transparent; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; text-decoration:none; vertical-align:baseline; white-space:pre-wrap">–</span>Djinba
<i>bila(ng)</i> 'FRAME':</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><b><br>
</b></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><u>Conditional</u><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><i>galngbuy, <b>bilang </b>galbi-wili nyumili-nyi-rr gaypi-nyir, ...</i><br>
meat.taboo <b>FRAME </b>lots-PL 2du-ACC-1sgERG take.from-TPI<br>
‘(It’s) taboo meat; <b>if</b> there were lots (of people) I would deprive you of it (but here you are alone so you can eat it)’ (Waters 1989: 102)
<br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><u>'Whether'-complement</u><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><i>nyabin mi-mili-wi marlu-ny nya-ngi <b>bilang </b>bi wirni-dji kiri-0</i><br>
how.about DIST-look.around-IMP daddy-ACC see-FUT <b>FRAME </b>towards return-FUT PROG-FUT<br>
‘How about you look around to see <b>if </b>daddy is returning to (us)?’ (Waters 1989: 56)</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><u>Circumstance</u></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><i>ngunum <b>bila </b>nyabini buluki lidji nya-nyiri</i><br>
over.there <b>FRAME </b>how.many cattle 2plERG see-RPI<br>
‘<b>When </b>(you were) over there, how many cattle did you see?’ (Waters 1989: 102)</font></div>
</div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2">Yawuru <i>ngadyi</i> 'whether':</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><u>Conditional<br>
</u></font></div>
<div><i><b>ngadyi </b>wal-a-0-ngayu kamba, nyamba nga-na-ng-ga-0-dyuyu.</i><br>
<b>whether </b>2FUT-TR-give-1ACC that(ABS) this(ABS) 1-TR-EN-FUT-give-2ACC</div>
<div>‘If you give that to me, then I’ll give you this.’ (Hosokawa 1991: 453) </div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><i></i></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><u>'Whether'-complement</u><i><u><br>
</u></i></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><i>nga-ny-dyiba-nda-dyina bibi-yi <b>ngadyi </b>i-nga-rn mabu.</i><br>
1-EN-ask-PF-3DAT mother-DAT <b>whether </b>3-be-IMPF good</font></div>
<div><font size="2">‘I asked him whether his mother is all right.’ (Hosokawa 1991: 465)</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div>
<div><font size="2"><u>Ambiguity between Conditional and Circumstance<br>
</u></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><i><b>ngadyi </b>wa-ng-ga-bula, nga-na-ga-dyiba-dyina.</i><br>
<b>whether </b>3-EN-FUT-come 1-TR-FUT-ask-3DAT</font></div>
<div><font size="2">‘<span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><b>If/when</b> he comes, I will question him.</span>’
<span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Hosokawa 1991: 473)</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><br>
</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">Hope this helps, and good luck with your analysis! Let me know if you have trouble with the glosses or would like access to the source material.<br>
</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><br>
</span></font></div>
<div>Hosokawa, Komei. 1991. The Yawuru language of West Kimberley: A meaning-based description. Canberra: Australian National University. (PhD Dissertation.)</div>
<div>Waters, Bruce. 1989. <i>Djinang and Djinba: A grammatical and historical perspective.
</i>Canberra: Pacific Linguistics</div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><br>
</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">Best,<br>
</span></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Roboto,Arial; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">Ellison Luk<br>
</span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
<font size="2"><br>
</font>
<div class="x_gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="x_gmail_attr"><font size="2">On Tue, 6 Feb 2024 at 13:24, Kim, Yongtaek <<a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
</font></div>
<blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2">Dear all,</font></div>
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">I apologize for writing the wrong recipients when forwarding the email from Kofi to my co-researchers.</span></font></div>
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2">Sincerely,</font></div>
<div id="x_m_1249296551280913446m_-4179694734266991163Signature">
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">___________________________________________________ </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Yongtaek Kim, Ph.D. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Associate Professor of Korean and Linguistics</span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Director of Korean Program </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">School of Modern Languages, Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Swann 309 </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a> </span></font></p>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id="x_m_1249296551280913446m_-4179694734266991163divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of Kim, Yongtaek <<a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, February 6, 2024 7:07 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kofi Yakpo <<a href="mailto:kofi@hku.hk" target="_blank">kofi@hku.hk</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] historical change from a complementizer to a temporal adverbial</font>
<div><font size="2"> </font></div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2">以下の彼の本の１０．５．７に出ている’ＷＥ’</font><font size="2">はＡｄｖｅｒｂｉａｌとComplementizerのBord</font><font size="2">erline caseなので、役に立つと思います。<br>
</font></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div id="x_m_1249296551280913446m_-4179694734266991163x_Signature">
<div>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">___________________________________________________ </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Yongtaek Kim, Ph.D. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Associate Professor of Korean and Linguistics</span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Director of Korean Program </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">School of Modern Languages, Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Swann 309 </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a> </span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id="x_m_1249296551280913446m_-4179694734266991163x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr">
<font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" size="2"><b>From:</b> Kofi Yakpo <<a href="mailto:kofi@hku.hk" target="_blank">kofi@hku.hk</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, February 6, 2024 5:22 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kim, Yongtaek <<a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a> <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] historical change from a complementizer to a temporal adverbial</font>
<div><font size="2"> </font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2">Dear Yongtaek,</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2">In the African Caribbean English-lexifier Creole Pichi, spoken in Equatorial Guinea, and probably in related varieties in the region (Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin), the polyfunctional subordinator
'we' (possibly sourced from English 'where', although this is not sure), functions as a relativizer and adverbial (chiefly temporal) subordinator, and may additionally function as a complementizer to complement-taking main verbs like 'hear', 'feel sorry' etc,
though the latter use is less frequent.</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2">See <a href="https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/85" target="_blank">
this book</a>, sec. 10.5.7, 10.6, 10.7.</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2">Best wishes,</font></div>
<div style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><font size="2">Kofi</font></div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div><font color="#666666" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">————<br>
</font></div>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><font color="#666666">Dr Kofi Yakpo • Associate Professor </font></font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Chair of </span><a href="http://www.linguistics.hku.hk/" target="_blank" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font color="#6fa8dc">Linguistics</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">•</span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="http://arts.hku.hk/" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">University
of Hong Kong</font></a></font></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">My publications @ </span><a href="https://zenodo.org/search?q=yakpo&l=list&p=1&s=10&sort=publication-desc" target="_blank" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font color="#6fa8dc">zenodo</font></a> <span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">• </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(102,102,102)"> </span><a href="http://hub.hku.hk/cris/rp/rp01715" target="_blank" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><font color="#6fa8dc">My
Page</font></a></font></div>
<div><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102); font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Recently published:</span><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br>
</font></font></div>
<div>
<p style="margin:0cm; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-image:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial">
<font size="2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00118.yak" target="_blank" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)">Reciprocal constructions in multilingual contact</span></a><br>
</font></p>
<p style="margin:0cm; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-image:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial">
<font size="2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12635" target="_blank" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)">The indigenization of Ghanaian Pidgin English</span></a></font></p>
<p style="margin:0cm; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-image:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial">
<font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078421000146" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)">Two types of language contact involving English Creoles</span></a></font></span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0cm; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-image:initial; background-position:initial; background-repeat:initial">
<font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211019126" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(111,168,220)">Social entrenchment influences the amount of areal borrowing</span></a></font></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<font size="2"><br>
</font>
<div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="2">On Tue, Feb 6, 2024 at 7:37 AM Kim, Yongtaek <<a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
</font></div>
<blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black">Hello, </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black"><br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black">I'm Yongtaek, a linguist specializing in the contrastive analysis between Korean and Japanese at the Georgia Institute of Technology.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black"><br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black">Currently, I have been working on the historical change of the Japanese ya-ina-ya (interrogative-NEG-interrogative) from a complementizer
usage meaning 'whether or not' to the temporal adverbial-clause-linking usage meaning 'as soon as.'</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black"><br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black">After an extensive search for typological evidence, I have been unable to locate any datasets that directly address the evolutionary
shift from a complementizer to a temporal adverbial function in any language. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black"><br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black">I was just wondering if you know of any typological data where 'X-NEG-X' has changed from a complementizer ('whether or not') to
a temporal adverbial ('when' or 'as soon as').</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black"><br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:black">I would greatly appreciate it if you could share any such typological data.</span></font></p>
<div style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div id="x_m_1249296551280913446m_-4179694734266991163x_x_m_1081988479022188642Signature">
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">___________________________________________________ </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Yongtaek Kim, Ph.D. </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Associate Professor of Korean and Linguistics</span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Director of Korean Program </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">School of Modern Languages, Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Swann 309 </span></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><font size="2"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a href="mailto:ykim791@gatech.edu" target="_blank">ykim791@gatech.edu</a> </span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<font size="2">______________________________</font><font size="2">_________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
</font><font size="2"><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
</font><font size="2"><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</font></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<font size="2">______________________________</font><font size="2">_________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
</font><font size="2"><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
</font><font size="2"><a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</font></div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>